自由港

自由港（英語：Free Economic Zone，又稱自由貿易區、自由口岸）是一种以經營貿易為主的經濟特區，可自由進行貨物起卸、搬運、轉口和加工、長期儲存的港口區域。自由港內的國外貨物，可免征關稅和不需經海關人員檢查。自由港主要從事轉口貿易，但一些大小已經跟城市相同，還會進行加工、旅遊和服務等業務。

最早的自由港出現於歐洲，13世纪法蘭西王国已開闢馬賽港為自由貿易園區。1547年，西班牙王國的錫耶納共和國正式將热那亚湾的里南那港定名为世界上第一个自由港。其後，為了擴大對外的國際貿易，一些歐洲國家便陸續將一些港口城市開闢自由港。至今，因應全球的貿易活動與經濟發展，自由港的數量已上升至130多個。

自由港與保税港區相似，其不同在於貿易優惠措施空间範圍上的不同而已。

全球自由港

非洲

 利比里亚

蒙羅維亞自由港

 埃及

 厄立特里亚

 摩洛哥

 模里西斯

 奈及利亞

亞洲

 巴林

 新加坡

 韩国

臺灣

 中国大陸

 香港

 澳門

 印度

 印度尼西亞

 伊朗

 以色列

 日本

 黎巴嫩

 马来西亚

 巴基斯坦

 菲律賓

 土耳其

 阿联酋

 歐洲

 安道尔

 奥地利

 白俄羅斯

 克罗地亚

 丹麦

(歐盟成員)

 芬兰

(歐盟成員)

  • Free zone of Lappeenranta (Lappeenrannan Vapaa-alue)
  • Freeport of Hanko (Hangon Vapaasatama)

 法國

(歐盟成員)

  • Free Zone of Le Verdon - Port de Bordeaux (Zone franche du Verdon — Port de Bordeaux)

 德国

(歐盟成員)

 格鲁吉亚

 希腊

(歐盟成員)

 爱尔兰

(歐盟成員)

 马恩岛

 義大利

(歐盟成員)

 馬爾他

(歐盟成員)

 拉脫維亞

(歐盟成員)

 立陶宛

(歐盟成員)

 北賽普勒斯

  • Famagusta Free Zone
  • Gemikonağı Free Zone

 葡萄牙

(歐盟成員)

  • Free Zone of Madeira - Caniçal (Zona franca da Madeira - Caniçal)

 羅馬尼亞

(歐盟成員)

 俄羅斯

 西班牙

(歐盟成員)

 瑞典

(歐盟成員)

 瑞士

 烏克蘭

  • free port and free economic zone Odessa
    • 1819-1858
    • Trade sea port of Odessa, January 1, 2000 for 25 years

 英国

美洲

阿根廷

百慕達群島

巴西

智利

哥倫比亞

多米尼加共和國

  • Mega Port of Punta Caucedo

尼加拉瓜

巴拿馬

烏拉圭

美國

委內瑞拉

參見

參考來源

  1. ^ Declaration Of Labuan As A Free Port. [2018-04-07]. （原始内容存档于2018-04-08）. 
  2. ^ Zamboanga City Special Economic Zone Authority and Freeport. [2013-10-15]. （原始内容存档于2013-06-02）. 
  3. ^ Malta Freeport. [2020-06-13]. （原始内容存档于2010-02-05）. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Accueil. Ports Francs et Entrepôts de Genève SA. [2021-09-18]. （原始内容存档于2022-07-04） （法语）. 
  5. ^ Zona Franca General Pico. [2021-09-18]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-19） （西班牙语）. 

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