胜利

《复活》,皮耶罗·德拉·弗朗西斯卡于1460年创作
约翰·卡尔·罗斯《胜利的寓言》

胜利拉丁語victoria)最初用于战争,表示在单次战斗中取胜或者在任何竞争中取得成功。军事行动的成功称为战略胜利,而军事交战的成功称为战术胜利

汉麻胜利》,美国农业部于1942年制作的短片,在二战期间播出

就人类的情感而言,胜利伴随着强烈的养育感,而在人的行为中,并且在人类行为中往往表现在战前的动作与姿势上。 在战前,这为战时积累过多的内啡肽所致。胜利之舞和胜利之吼与战舞和个体施暴前的戰吼相对应。罗马古代传递捷报行为的例子,Victoria一词的起源有如下说法:

神话经常将胜利神化,例如希腊的尼刻或罗马的维多利亚。他们将胜者描述为英雄,作战过程多为与怪物肉搏(如圣乔治屠龙,因陀罗击杀阿希,索尔击杀耶夢加得等)。罗马神话中的无敌者索尔基督教中成为基督的绰号。多数保罗耶稣复活描述为战胜死亡和罪恶(参见哥林多前书的第15:55节)。

拉丁英语单词“victory”(十四世纪后使用)取代了古英语等效术语sige (与哥特语的“sigis”、古高地德语“sigu”和现代德语中的“Sieg”同源),这是日耳曼语法中的常见元素(如西吉伯特、齊格弗里德等),前者与凯尔特语的sego和梵语的sahas同源。 

常用胜利标志

V字手势有两种形式:一种掌心朝外,一种掌心向内。二者在美国皆指胜利[1]

保罗·科埃略

保罗·科埃略在《阿克拉发现的手稿》中提出胜负首先须在知道爱的情况下进行,竞争时的痛苦是未来的胜利、部分观点认为,长者在爱和痛苦中成熟,知道两者就像知道胜利。

“失败是为勇者——只有他们知道输的光荣和赢的喜悦。

我不是来告诉你失败是生活的一部分——我们都知道。只有失败者才知道爱。因为我们在爱的领域里打了我们的第一场战斗——而且既有可能落败。我在这里告诉你,有些人从未被打败——他们从来没有参战。

他们设法逃避伤痕、羞辱、无助,以及那些连战士都怀疑上帝存在的时刻。”

宗教

释迦牟尼强调存在于个体的不朽,采取行动战胜自己即是他人,也是我们的胜利;“战胜自己胜过百战百胜。那么胜利就是你的了。即使是天使或恶魔、天堂或地狱也不能从你身上夺走。”佛陀的胜利属于我们,它永远存在于每个个体的心中,在无数的生命中展开。

在《薄伽梵歌》第二章第三十八节中,黑天与阿朱那交谈时规定了平静;“要知道,这一切都被它所渗透,坚不可摧。没有人能摧毁。”后来,黑天在指示阿朱那以新发现的清晰行动后说:“对待胜利和失败、得失、快乐和痛苦,为战斗做好准备。如此争战则不招致罪恶。”罪德是头脑问题而非身体问题[2]

一场战斗(无论输赢或逃避),都不会改变人类的本性和纯洁性,一切战斗皆永恒。觉知失,是苦悲的缘由,知一切得失都一样,这就是免于相信得失的累加与自己的得失相同的罪过。

在《新約聖經》中,圣保罗圣约翰的写到了耶稣战胜死亡并与门徒分享胜利的情节(例如哥林多前书15:57,約翰一書5:4 )。

参见

参考文献

  1. ^ Emma-Louise, Bond. The Top 10 Hand Gestures You’d Better Get Right. languagetrainers. Brighton Early Ltd. [30 March 2019]. (原始内容存档于2019-03-30). 
  2. ^ treating-alike-victory-and-defeat-gain-and-loss-pleasure-and-pain-get-ready-for-the-battle-fighting-thus-you-will-not-incur-sin-bhagavadgita-shlok-chapter-2-verse-38/. www.deeptrivedi.com. [20 May 2019]. (原始内容存档于2021-08-01). 

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