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美国是世界上發生大规模枪击事件次数最多的國家^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]。大规模枪击事件的定义通常为：除凶手自身以外，至少四人受害的枪击事件。虽然定义规定四人以上伤亡才可称“大规模”，但数据显示在1967年到2017年间美国发生的146起大规模枪击事件中，包括凶手在内，每起事件平均有8人死亡^[6]。在这些事件中，枪手大部分最终採取自杀手段、或被击毙，亦或被警方或市民制伏^[7]。

定义

因美国宪法第二修正案规定保障美国公民的持枪自由。自此在美国，公民不仅可以合法持有枪支，而且取得方式也相对容易。但同时也造成美国是世界上枪支暴力问题最严重的国家之一。目前，美國政府沒有對 “大规模枪击事件”採用固定的定义^[8]。不同的机构对其定义不同。如2003年1月，美国国会通过了一项有关暴力犯罪的法案（The Investigative Assistance for Violent Crimes Act of 2012），该法案定义“大规模杀害事件”为除凶手自身以外，至少三人死亡的事件^[9]^[10]^[11]。2015年，美国国会研究服务定义大规模枪击事件为“在事件發生及其相邻区域内，至少四名受害者被枪击杀害的多重杀人犯罪”^[12]。非营利组织“枪支暴力档案”所使用的宽泛定义则是“除凶手自身以外，至少四人被枪击（无论死亡与否）的事件”^[13]，而此定义也往往为新闻界和非盈利组织所采用^[14]^[15]^[16]^[17]^[18]。

最严重的枪击事件

以下是美国现代史上最为严重的二十起规模枪击事件。

為以往排位第一的大規模枪击事件。

	事件	年份	死亡人数	受傷人數	武器种类	参考
1	拉斯维加斯袭击	2017	61 !61 (包括枪手)	851 !被槍傷的超過400 總共超過800	半自动步枪	^[19]^[20]^[21]
2	奥兰多夜店枪击案	2016	50 !50 (包括枪手)	53 !53	半自动步枪	^[19]^[20]
3	弗吉尼亚理工大学校园枪击案	2007	33 !33 (包括枪手)	23 !23	手枪	^[19]
4	桑迪·胡克小学枪击案	2012	28 !28 (包括枪手)	02 !02	半自动步枪和手动步枪	^[19]
5	萨瑟兰泉教堂枪击案	2017	27 !27 (包括枪手)	20 !20	半自动步枪	^[22]^[20]
6	露比餐厅枪击案	1991	24 !24 (包括枪手)	27 !27	手枪	^[19]
7	聖思多羅麥當勞大屠殺	1984	22 !22 (包括枪手)	19 !19	多种武器	^[19]
	2019年埃爾帕索槍擊案	2019	22 !22	24 !24	半自动步枪	^[23]
	尤瓦尔迪小学枪击案	2022	22 !22 (包括枪手)	15	半自动步枪	^[24]
8	德克萨斯大学塔楼枪击案（英语：University of Texas tower shooting）	1966	18 !18 (包括枪手）	31 !31	多种武器	^[19]
8	2023年刘易斯顿枪击案	2023	22	50+	未知	^[25]
9	2018年佛罗里达校园枪击案	2018	17 !17	17 !17	半自动步枪	^[26]
10	2015年圣贝纳迪诺枪击案	2015	16 !16 (包括枪手)	24 !24	半自动步枪	^[19]^[20]
11	奥克拉荷马州埃德蒙德枪击案（英语：Edmond post office shooting）	1986	15 !15 (包括枪手)	06 !06	手枪	^[19]
11	哥伦拜恩校园事件	1999	15 !15 (包括枪手)	24 !24	多种武器	^[27]
13	宾厄姆顿枪击案	2009	14 !14 (包括枪手)	04 !04	手枪	^[27]
14	肯顿枪击案（英语：Howard Unruh）	1949	13	03 !03	手枪	^[27]
	威尔克斯巴里枪击案（英语：George Banks）	1982	13	01 !01	半自动步枪	^[27]
	2009年胡德堡枪击案	2009	13	33 !33	手枪	^[27]
	华盛顿海军工厂枪击事件	2013	13 !13 (包括枪手)	08 !08	散弹枪和手枪	^[27]
	維珍尼亞州灘市大型槍擊案	2019	13 !13 (包括枪手)	04 !04	手枪	^[28]
15	2012年奥罗拉枪击事件	2012	12	70 !70	多种武器	^[27]^[20]
16	萨姆森及周边社区枪击案（英语：Geneva County massacre）	2009	11 !11 (包括枪手)	6	多种武器	^[27]
17	杰克逊维尔枪击案（英语：James_Edward_Pough）	1990	10 !10 (包括枪手)	6	手枪和卡宾枪	^[19]
	亚特兰大地区枪击案（英语：Mark O. Barton）	1999	10 !10 (包括枪手)	12 !12	手枪	^[19]
	红湖高中校园枪击案	2005	10 !10 (包括枪手)	7	多种武器	^[27]
	安普瓜社区学院枪击案	2015	10 !10 (包括枪手)	9	手枪	^[27]
	2019年代頓槍擊案	2019	10 !10 (包括枪手)	16 !16	半自動步槍	^[29]
	2022年布法罗枪击案	2022	10 !10	3 !3	半自動步槍	^[30]

参看

参考文献

^ US Mass Shootings, 1982–: Data From Mother Jones’ Investigation. [2018-02-26]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-30）.
^ U.S. Leads World in Mass Shootings. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved: October 2, 2017.
^ Why the US has the most mass shootings. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） CNN. Retrieved: October 2, 2017.
^ Why the U.S. is No. 1 – in mass shootings. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Los Angeles Times. Retrieved: October 2, 2017.
^ The United States Has Had More Mass Shootings Than Any Other Country. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Mother Jones. Retrieved: October 2, 2017.
^ Berkowitz, Bonnie; Gamio, Lazaro; Lu, Denise; Uhrmacher, Kevin; Lindeman, Todd. 50 years of U.S. mass shootings: The victims, sites, killers and weapons. Washington Post. 5 October 2017 [5 November 2017]. （原始内容存档于2017-11-07）.
^ Blair, John Pete; Schweit, Katherine W., A Study of Active Shooter Incidents, 2000–2013 (PDF), Washington DC: Texas State University and Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2014 [2018-02-26], （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2021-04-27）
^ Greenberg, Jacobson & Valverde, Jon, Louis & Miriam. What we know about mass shootings. Tampa Bay Times. February 14, 2018 [20 February 2018]. （原始内容存档于2019-09-25）. As noted above, there is no widely accepted definition of mass shootings. People use either broad or restrictive definitions of mass shootings to reinforce their stance on gun control. After the 2012 Sandy Hook school shooting, Congress defined "mass killings" as three or more homicides in a single incident. The definition was intended to clarify when the U.S. Attorney General could assist state and local authorities in investigations of violent acts and shootings in places of public use.
^ H.R. 2076 (112th): Investigative Assistance for Violent Crimes Act of 2012. United States Congress. [20 February 2018]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-07）. (I)the term mass killings means 3 or more killings in a single incident;
^ Ingraham, Christopher. What makes a 'mass shooting' in America. Washington Post. 3 December 2015 [5 November 2017]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-07）. But starting in 2013, federal statutes defined "mass killing" as three or more people killed, regardless of weapons.
^ Follman, Mark. What Exactly Is A Mass Shooting. Mother Jones. [August 9, 2015]. （原始内容存档于2017-05-15）. In January 2013, a mandate for federal investigation of mass shootings authorized by President Barack Obama lowered that baseline to three or more victims killed.
^ Krouse, William J. Mass Murder with Firearms: Incidents and Victims, 1999-2013 (PDF). Congressional Research Service. July 30, 2015 [21 February 2018]. （原始内容 (pdf)存档于2021-03-26）.
^ General Methodology. [21 February 2018].
^ Nichols, Chris. How is a ‘mass shooting’ defined?. 4 October 2017 [21 February 2018]. （原始内容存档于2019-10-20）.
^ Christensen, Jen. Why the U.S. has the most mass shootings. CNN. August 28, 2015 [2018-02-26]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-20）.
^ About the Mass Shooting Tracker. [13 June 2016]. （原始内容存档于2018-01-04）.
^ Orlando club shootings: Full fury of gun battle emerges. 13 June 2016 [13 June 2016]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-07）. Cites Mass Shooting Tracker
^ Axelrod, Jim. Are Americans becoming "numb" to mass shootings?. 6 November 2017 [21 February 2018]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-07）.
^ ^19.00 ^19.01 ^19.02 ^19.03 ^19.04 ^19.05 ^19.06 ^19.07 ^19.08 ^19.09 ^19.10 Deadliest Mass Shootings in Modern US History Fast Facts. CNN. [2017-11-05]. （原始内容存档于2019-08-18）.
^ ^20.0 ^20.1 ^20.2 ^20.3 ^20.4 Texas gunman used same rifle as Las Vegas, Newtown mass shooters. NY Daily News. [2017-11-07]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-07）（英语）.
^ 存档副本. [2019-02-20]. （原始内容存档于2020-08-21）.
^ Carissimo, Justin. 26 dead in shooting at church in Sutherland Springs, Texas. CBS News. 2017-11-06 [2017-11-06]. （原始内容存档于2017-11-06）.
^ Everything We Know About the El Paso Walmart Massacre. [2024-10-26]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-21）.
^ Texas school shooter kills teacher and 18 children. [2024-11-01]. 原始内容存档于2022-05-25.
^ Winter, Tom. 22 dead, dozens wounded in shootings. NBC News. 2023-10-25 [2023-10-25].
^ Emanuella Grinberg; Eric Levensen. At least 17 dead in Florida school shooting, law enforcement says. CNN. 2018-02-14 [2018-02-14]. （原始内容存档于2018-07-31）.
^ ^27.00 ^27.01 ^27.02 ^27.03 ^27.04 ^27.05 ^27.06 ^27.07 ^27.08 ^27.09 Terrorist attacks and related incidents in the United States. johnstonarchive.net. [2017-11-06]. （原始内容存档于2020-02-03）.
^ New details emerge in the Virginia Beach mass shooting that left 12 people dead.CNN. [2024-10-26]. （原始内容存档于2024-09-12）.
^ Gunman Kills 9 in Dayton Entertainment District. [2024-10-26]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-17）.
^ At least 10 dead in mass shooting at Buffalo supermarket. [2024-10-26]. 原始内容存档于2022-05-14.

[1] US Mass Shootings, 1982–: Data From Mother Jones’ Investigation. [2018-02-26]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-30）.

[2] U.S. Leads World in Mass Shootings. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved: October 2, 2017.

[3] Why the US has the most mass shootings. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） CNN. Retrieved: October 2, 2017.

[4] Why the U.S. is No. 1 – in mass shootings. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Los Angeles Times. Retrieved: October 2, 2017.

[5] The United States Has Had More Mass Shootings Than Any Other Country. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Mother Jones. Retrieved: October 2, 2017.

[50years-6] Berkowitz, Bonnie; Gamio, Lazaro; Lu, Denise; Uhrmacher, Kevin; Lindeman, Todd. 50 years of U.S. mass shootings: The victims, sites, killers and weapons. Washington Post. 5 October 2017 [5 November 2017]. （原始内容存档于2017-11-07）.

[7] Blair, John Pete; Schweit, Katherine W., A Study of Active Shooter Incidents, 2000–2013 (PDF), Washington DC: Texas State University and Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2014 [2018-02-26], （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2021-04-27）

[politifact2018-8] Greenberg, Jacobson & Valverde, Jon, Louis & Miriam. What we know about mass shootings. Tampa Bay Times. February 14, 2018 [20 February 2018]. （原始内容存档于2019-09-25）. As noted above, there is no widely accepted definition of mass shootings. People use either broad or restrictive definitions of mass shootings to reinforce their stance on gun control. After the 2012 Sandy Hook school shooting, Congress defined "mass killings" as three or more homicides in a single incident. The definition was intended to clarify when the U.S. Attorney General could assist state and local authorities in investigations of violent acts and shootings in places of public use.

[9] H.R. 2076 (112th): Investigative Assistance for Violent Crimes Act of 2012. United States Congress. [20 February 2018]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-07）. (I)the term mass killings means 3 or more killings in a single incident;

[10] Ingraham, Christopher. What makes a 'mass shooting' in America. Washington Post. 3 December 2015 [5 November 2017]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-07）. But starting in 2013, federal statutes defined "mass killing" as three or more people killed, regardless of weapons.

[11] Follman, Mark. What Exactly Is A Mass Shooting. Mother Jones. [August 9, 2015]. （原始内容存档于2017-05-15）. In January 2013, a mandate for federal investigation of mass shootings authorized by President Barack Obama lowered that baseline to three or more victims killed.

[fas-12] Krouse, William J. Mass Murder with Firearms: Incidents and Victims, 1999-2013 (PDF). Congressional Research Service. July 30, 2015 [21 February 2018]. （原始内容 (pdf)存档于2021-03-26）.

[GVA_Methodology-13] General Methodology. [21 February 2018].

[14] Nichols, Chris. How is a ‘mass shooting’ defined?. 4 October 2017 [21 February 2018]. （原始内容存档于2019-10-20）.

[CNN2-15] Christensen, Jen. Why the U.S. has the most mass shootings. CNN. August 28, 2015 [2018-02-26]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-20）.

[shooting_tracker-16] About the Mass Shooting Tracker. [13 June 2016]. （原始内容存档于2018-01-04）.

[MyUser_BBC_13_June_2016c-17] Orlando club shootings: Full fury of gun battle emerges. 13 June 2016 [13 June 2016]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-07）. Cites Mass Shooting Tracker

[18] Axelrod, Jim. Are Americans becoming "numb" to mass shootings?. 6 November 2017 [21 February 2018]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-07）.

[CNN-19] 19.00 ^19.01 ^19.02 ^19.03 ^19.04 ^19.05 ^19.06 ^19.07 ^19.08 ^19.09 ^19.10 Deadliest Mass Shootings in Modern US History Fast Facts. CNN. [2017-11-05]. （原始内容存档于2019-08-18）.

[same-20] 20.0 ^20.1 ^20.2 ^20.3 ^20.4 Texas gunman used same rifle as Las Vegas, Newtown mass shooters. NY Daily News. [2017-11-07]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-07）（英语）.

[21] 存档副本. [2019-02-20]. （原始内容存档于2020-08-21）.

[22] Carissimo, Justin. 26 dead in shooting at church in Sutherland Springs, Texas. CBS News. 2017-11-06 [2017-11-06]. （原始内容存档于2017-11-06）.

[23] Everything We Know About the El Paso Walmart Massacre. [2024-10-26]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-21）.

[24] Texas school shooter kills teacher and 18 children. [2024-11-01]. 原始内容存档于2022-05-25.

[25] Winter, Tom. 22 dead, dozens wounded in shootings. NBC News. 2023-10-25 [2023-10-25].

[26] Emanuella Grinberg; Eric Levensen. At least 17 dead in Florida school shooting, law enforcement says. CNN. 2018-02-14 [2018-02-14]. （原始内容存档于2018-07-31）.

[Johnston_Archive-27] 27.00 ^27.01 ^27.02 ^27.03 ^27.04 ^27.05 ^27.06 ^27.07 ^27.08 ^27.09 Terrorist attacks and related incidents in the United States. johnstonarchive.net. [2017-11-06]. （原始内容存档于2020-02-03）.

[28] New details emerge in the Virginia Beach mass shooting that left 12 people dead.CNN. [2024-10-26]. （原始内容存档于2024-09-12）.

[29] Gunman Kills 9 in Dayton Entertainment District. [2024-10-26]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-17）.

[30] At least 10 dead in mass shooting at Buffalo supermarket. [2024-10-26]. 原始内容存档于2022-05-14.

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PROFILPELAJAR.COM

美国的大规模枪击事件

定义

最严重的枪击事件

参看

参考文献

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