結構荷重

結構荷重(Structural load),或稱負荷載重荷载载荷,一般指作用在物体上的外加力。

廣義上,結構荷重是指施加在結構構件上,造成結構系統產生反力內力,或發生節點變位桿件變形的外部因素。

等效荷重

  • 等效荷重(Equivalent Load)是建築規範建築技術規則制定時,為使設計人及審核人員有一定的標準,經統計分析規定的數值,通常採用較高的安全係數,並需要適時修正。

荷重分類

結構荷重的分類繁瑣,又因受力的方式、位置、方向的不同而有不同,大致可分為:

  1. 一般荷重
    1. 靜荷重(Dead Loads, Static Loads):結構自重或固定器具重量,大小、位置和方向都不变的,例如建筑物的自重。
    2. 动荷重(Live Loads, Dynamic Loads):指土木建筑方面移动的荷载,重量非固定,大小、位置和方向随时间变化,例如家具、人,以至桥梁所受的车辆重等。積雪處還包括雪載重,還可細分為:
      1. 水平活荷重(橫力)。
      2. 垂直活荷重。
    3. 衝擊荷重(Impact Loads):以较高速度同物体相接触
    4. 交变载荷(Cyclic loads):随着时间作周期性改变的载荷
  2. 自然氣候荷重:
    1. 風壓(Wind Load):為橫力的一種,風對建築物產生的壓力,因空氣速度和密度及建築形狀而改變。
    2. 地震力(Earthquake Load):也相當於一種橫力,由地震造成結構體變位變形,進而對構件形成壓力。
    3. 雨、雪、雹等。
  3. 基礎荷重:
    1. 不均勻沉陷荷重(Unequal Settlement Load)。
    2. 土壓力(浮力):又包含主動土壓力與被動土壓力。
    3. 水壓力
  4. 結構設計預力
  5. 工程因素:
    1. 組合載重(Combine Load)。
    2. 殘留應力(Residenal Load)或鎖入應力
    3. 混凝土乾縮等。

另外還有其他因素如

  1. 溫度荷重(Thermal Load):物体由于外部或各部分间的相互约束,在温度变化时不能自由涨缩,所引起的约束力。
    1. 均勻溫差荷重。
    2. 內外溫差荷重。
  2. 共振載重(Resonant Load)。
  3. 火災負荷(Fire Load)。
  • 包含溫度荷重、不均勻沉陷、及工作外力的荷重,又稱二次應力荷重。


影響

荷载作用能使结构产生内力、应变、变形、应力、裂缝等效应。

相關領域

參考文獻

  • 國立成功大學建築系許茂雄教授講義
  • Structure in Architecture -Salvadori/Heller

Read other articles:

2015 Epping Forest District Council election ← 2014 7 May 2015 2016 → 18 of 58 seats on Epping Forest District Council30 seats needed for a majorityTurnout62.4% (26.4%) [1]   First party Second party   Leader Chris Whitbread Jon Whitehouse Party Conservative Liberal Democrats Leader's seat Epping Lindsey and Thornwood Common Epping Hemnall Last election 37 seats, 37.3% 3 seats, 11.3% Seats before 36 4 Seats won 39 3 Seat change ...

Asse do imperador Tibério (r. 14–37) mostrando a fachada do Templo de Providência Augusta Denário de Trajano (r. 98–117) com representação da Providência Áureo de Pertinax (r. 192–193) com representação de Providência Providência (em latim: Providentia), na religião da Roma Antiga, é a personificação divina da habilidade de prever e fazer provisão (providência). Estava entre as personificações das virtudes que faziam parte do culto imperial da Roma Antiga[...

Province in central Nepal Province in NepalBagmati Province बागमती प्रदेशProvince From top left to right:Bhaktapur Durbar Square, Gosainkunda, Pashupatinath Temple, Patan Durbar Square, Swayambhunath, Gaurishankar, Hanuman Dhoka and One-horned rhinoceros at Chitwan National Park SealLocation of Bagmati S. Chok Dhading Rasuwa Dolakha Nuwakot B K L Chitwan Makwanpur K.Chok Ramechap Sindhuli Gandaki Madhesh Koshi China India Map of Bagmati, NepalCountry   N...

Aaryn Élan DoyleInformasi latar belakangLahir01 Januari 1993 (umur 30)Ontario, KanadaPekerjaanArtis, penyanyi, rapper, penulis lagu, penari, modelTahun aktif1999–sekarangSitus webhttp://whatittakesbylola-aaryndoyle.blogspot.com/ Aaryn Élan Doyle (lahir 1 Januari 1993) adalah seorang aktris Kanada, pengisi suara, penyanyi, rapper, penulis lagu, penari, dan model. Dia terkenal untuk perannya sebagai Lola Scott dalam film Camp Rock dan menyanyikan lagu fitur nya What It Takes[1]...

XerezNama lengkapXerez Club Deportivo, S.A.D.JulukanBulería mecánica, Azulinos (Blues)Berdiri1947StadionEstadio Municipal de Chapín, Jerez de la Frontera, Andalusia, Spain(Kapasitas: 20,523)KetuaRafael MateosManajerkosongLigaSegunda División2012–2013Segunda División, 22nd (degrradasi) Kostum kandang Kostum tandang Musim ini Xerez CD merupakan sebuah tim sepak bola Spanyol yang bermain di divisi dua Segunda División. Didirikan pada tahun 1947. Berbasis di Jerez de la Frontera. Klub ini...

2003 book by Jon Krakauer For the television adaptation, see Under the Banner of Heaven (miniseries). Under the Banner of Heaven AuthorJon KrakauerCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglishSubjectLDS ChurchGenreNonfictionPublication dateJuly 2003Media typePrintISBN1-4000-3280-6OCLC842901458Preceded byInto Thin Air Followed byWhere Men Win Glory  Under the Banner of Heaven: A Story of Violent Faith is a nonfiction book by author Jon Krakauer, first published in July 2003. He ...

Railway station 모량Moryang station Korean nameHangul모량역Hanja牟梁驛Revised RomanizationMoryang yeokMcCune–ReischauerMoryang yŏk General informationLocationGyeongju, North GyeongsangSouth KoreaOperated by KorailLine(s)Donghae Line, Jungang LineConstructionStructure typeAbovegroundHistoryOpenedDecember 25, 1922 Moryang station (Korean: 모량역; Hanja: 牟梁驛) is a railway station of the Donghae Line and Jungang Line in Gyeongju, North Gyeongsang Province...

Ивановский государственный университет(ИвГУ) Международное название Ivanovo State University Прежнее название Иваново-Вознесенский педагогический институт Девиз Pro patriae beneficio Год основания 1918 год Ректор Алексей Александрович Малыгин Расположение  Россия, Иваново, Ивановская о...

2002 studio album by Thunderbirds Are Now!Doctor, Lawyer, Indian ChiefStudio album by Thunderbirds Are Now!ReleasedNovember 26, 2002GenreNoise rockPost-punk revivalLength23:21LabelAction DriverThunderbirds Are Now! chronology Another One Hypnotized By...(2003) Doctor, Lawyer, Indian Chief(2002) Justamustache(2005) Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingAllMusic[1]Pitchfork Media(5.9/10)[2] Doctor, Lawyer, Indian Chief is an album by Thunderbirds Are Now! The albu...

Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Mohamad Hasan. Mohamad HasanDuta Besar Republik Indonesia untuk Malaysia ke-5Masa jabatan1974–1978PresidenSoehartoPendahuluSoepardjo RustamPenggantiMakmun MurodKepala Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia ke-6Masa jabatan3 Oktober 1971 – 24 Juni 1974PresidenSoehartoPendahuluHoegeng Imam SantosoPenggantiWidodo Budidarmo Informasi pribadiLahir(1920-03-20)20 Maret 1920Muaradua, Sumatera Selatan, Hindia BelandaMeninggal23 Februari 2005(2005-02-23) (u...

Austrian cycling race Cycling race 2023 Tour of Austria2023 UCI Europe TourRace detailsDates2–6 July 2023Stages5Distance807.7 km (501.9 mi)Winning time18h 54' 50Results Winner  Jhonatan Narváez (ECU) (Ineos Grenadiers)  Second  Jason Osborne (GER) (Alpecin–Deceuninck)  Third  Jesús David Peña (COL) (Team Jayco–AlUla) Points  Jhonatan Narváez (ECU) (Ineos Grenadiers) Mountains  Patryk Stosz (POL) (Voster ATS Team) ...

尊严党حزب الكرامةḤizb al-Karāma尊严党标志主席Mohamed Samy[1]创党人Amin Iskander(英语:Amin Iskander)Hamdeen Sabahi(英语:Hamdeen Sabahi)成立1996年 (1996)党报'Al-Karama'意識形態Nasserism(英语:Nasserism)政治立場左派国内组织Civil Democratic Movement(英语:Civil Democratic Movement (2017))[2]National Front Alliance(英语:National Front Alliance (Egypt))[3]官方色彩綠色众议院0 / 56...

Books by Alfred Döblin November 1918: A German Revolution Cover of the first edition of the first volumeAuthorAlfred DöblinOriginal titleNovember 1918, eine deutsche RevolutionCountryGermanyLanguageGermanGenreHistorical novelMedia typePrint (hardcover & paperback) November 1918: A German Revolution (German: November 1918, eine deutsche Revolution) is a tetralogy of novels by German writer Alfred Döblin about the German Revolution of 1918–1919.[1] The four volumes...

This article is about the 2018 film. For current technologies for conventional long-distance transmission, see Super grid. 2018 Canadian filmSuperGridTheatrical release posterDirected byLowell DeanWritten by T.R. McCauley Justin Ludwig Produced by Hugh Patterson Trinni Franke Echolands Creative Group Starring Leo Fafard Marshall Williams Natalie Krill Jonathan Cherry CinematographyMichael Jari DavidsonEdited byTim ThurmeierDistributed byRavenbannerRelease date September 21, 2018...

Artikel atau sebagian dari artikel ini mungkin diterjemahkan dari Drogue parachute di en.wikipedia.org. Isinya masih belum akurat, karena bagian yang diterjemahkan masih perlu diperhalus dan disempurnakan. Jika Anda menguasai bahasa aslinya, harap pertimbangkan untuk menelusuri referensinya dan menyempurnakan terjemahan ini. Anda juga dapat ikut bergotong royong pada ProyekWiki Perbaikan Terjemahan. (Pesan ini dapat dihapus jika terjemahan dirasa sudah cukup tepat. Lihat pula: panduan penerje...

ليزا آن ماركوفسكي (بالإنجليزية: Lisa Murkowski)‏  معلومات شخصية الميلاد 22 مايو 1957 (67 سنة)  كيتشيكان  مواطنة الولايات المتحدة  الديانة الكنيسة الرومانية الكاثوليكية[1]  عدد الأولاد 2   الأب فرانك موركوفسكي  [لغات أخرى]‏  مناصب محامٍ[3]   في المنصب198...

Plattling TownPanorama of Plattling Coat of armsLocation of Plattling within Deggendorf district Plattling Show map of GermanyPlattling Show map of BavariaCoordinates: 48°46′N 12°52′E / 48.767°N 12.867°E / 48.767; 12.867CountryGermanyStateBavariaAdmin. regionNiederbayern DistrictDeggendorf Subdivisions13 OrtsteileGovernment • Mayor (2020–26) Hans Schmalhofer[1] (CSU)Area • Total35.90 km2 (13.86 sq mi)Elevatio...

Terremoto del Friuli del 1976Mappa dell'intensità mainshockData6 maggio 1976 Ora21:00:12 (CEST) Magnitudo Richter6,5 Magnitudo momento6,5[1] Profondità5,7[1] km Distretto sismicoAlpi Giulie Epicentrotra Gemona e Artegna (presso località Lessi)46°14′27.6″N 13°07′08.4″E46°14′27.6″N, 13°07′08.4″E Stati colpiti Italia Jugoslavia Austria Intensità MercalliIX-X Vittime990 Posizione dell'epicentro Modifica dati su Wikidata · Manu...

1798 French Directory election ← 1797 9–18 April 1798 1799 → 298 seats in the Council of Five Hundred and 139 seats in the Council of Ancients   First party Second party   Leader Paul Barras Marie-Joseph Chénier Party Thermidorians Jacobins Seats after 387 175 Seat change 107 105 President of the Council of Five Hundred before election Jacques Antoine Creuzé-Latouche Jacobin Club Elected President of the Council of Five Hundred Marie-Joseph Chén...

BinagoComuneComune di BinagoLocation of Binago BinagoLocation of Binago in ItalyShow map of ItalyBinagoBinago (Lombardy)Show map of LombardyCoordinates: 45°47′N 8°55′E / 45.783°N 8.917°E / 45.783; 8.917CountryItalyRegionLombardyProvinceComo (CO)Area[1] • Total6.9 km2 (2.7 sq mi)Population (Dec. 2004)[2] • Total4,429 • Density640/km2 (1,700/sq mi)Time zoneUTC+1 (CET) • Summe...