紫癜

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紫癜（purpura）又稱紫瘢[1]、紫斑，是皮肤或黏膜出现的紫色血塊，其定义大小为 3毫米～ 10毫米[2]；瘀点、瘀斑压之不退色者为其特征。小于 3毫米大小的紅色或紫色血塊為瘀點（petechia）或出血点[3]，大于10毫米的為瘀斑（ecchymosis）或出血斑[4][5]。

紫癜常发于学龄儿童，是小儿出血性疾病中一种常见的疾病。

分类

紫癜可出现多种疾病，可分为两类：

  • 血小板减少性紫癜：由于血小板减少而发生的皮肤、黏膜和其他组织的自发性出血；部分病人在感染、中毒、药物影响、骨髓功能减退或脾功能亢进时候发病，部分病因未明，可能与免疫因素有关。对病因未明的病人在发作期用肾上腺皮质激素治疗，输新鲜血液或补充血小板，必要时须切除脾脏。
  • 血管性紫癜：特征为血小板不减少而血管壁的通透性显著增加；最常见的是过敏性紫癜，也称许兰·亨诺（Henoch–Schönlein）紫癜，是由感染、药物或食物引起的一种毛细血管变态反应疾病；除了皮肤、黏膜出血外，常伴有胃肠或关节的出血，肾炎，以及寻麻疹。可用肾上腺皮质激素、抗组胺药物等治疗。

檢驗

相关连接

參考文獻

  1. ^ 存档副本. [2023-08-04]. （原始内容存档于2023-08-05）. 
  2. ^ McKenzie, Shirlyn B. Clinical Laboratory Hematology. Williams, Joanne Lynne; Landis-Piwowar, Kristin 3rd. Boston. 2014: 665. ISBN 978-0133076011. OCLC 878098857. 
  3. ^ 存档副本. [2023-08-04]. （原始内容存档于2023-08-04）. 
  4. ^ https://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/80f81f67441f593cee9fcda76b7b549d/?startswith=zh&seq=3
  5. ^ Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson; & Mitchell, Richard N.（2007）. Robbins Basic Pathology（8th ed.）. Saunders Elsevier. pp. 10-11 ISBN 978-1-4160-2973-1

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