玛尔斯

Mars
1世紀的一座羅馬馬爾斯雕塑
符号与象徵戰神之矛 ♂(由矛和盾組成的符號)
性别
配偶尼黎奥雷亚·西尔维亚維納斯贝罗纳
父母朱庇特朱諾
对应希腊神话的阿瑞斯

玛尔斯拉丁語Mars),羅馬神話中的战神,朱比特茱諾之子,貝羅納之丈夫,维纳斯的情人,他是羅馬軍團崇拜的戰神中最重要的一位,重要程度僅次於朱比特。瑪爾斯的節日是在三月十月拉丁语的「火星」和英語的「March」正是源自瑪爾斯。但拉丁語「Mars」一詞並非源自原始印歐語,似乎是從伊特拉斯坎神話中的瑪里斯(Maris)拉丁化而成的。

起初瑪爾斯是羅馬神話中的繁殖與植物之神,同時亦是牲畜、農田與農夫的守護神。在公元前2世紀,大加圖曾說「好好飼養你的牲畜,每年要向瑪爾斯·西爾瓦諾斯(Mars Silvanus)奉獻。」[1]後來,隨著羅馬帝國的擴張,瑪爾斯成為了戰爭的象徵,等同希臘神話中的阿瑞斯。但與阿瑞斯不同,瑪爾斯一般備受敬畏,跟朱庇特一樣是最受尊崇的神祇。

玛尔斯被視為是傳說中建立罗马羅穆盧斯和瑞摩斯的父親,所以罗马人有时自称為“玛尔斯之子”。

在许多欧洲语言,星期二是由玛尔斯而来,意为玛尔斯之日或者火星之日,如意大利语(martedi)、西班牙语(martes)、法语(mardi)。

战争是他的能力之一。

相關條目

資料來源

  1. ^ Cato, ' 83.

外部連結


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