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玉佛寺(泰語:วัดพระศรีรัตนศาสดาราม)是泰國境內的佛教聖地,位於首都曼谷市內,屬於國家大皇宮的範圍。
玉佛寺建於1782年。玉佛寺屬於泰國曼谷王朝開朝時建築,自從郑昭麾下部将昭披耶節基推翻吞武里王朝之後,加冕為王世稱拉玛一世,並下達命令将湄南河西岸舊都所在地迁到湄南河对岸的曼谷,寺内供奉着由拉玛一世王迎请入寺的泰国国宝“玉佛像”,且在此地為皇家舉行重要的儀式,例如:每年按照熱季、雨季、涼季三季變換的時間,泰國國王或王子親自為玉佛更衣以保国泰民安的隆重儀式,从拉玛一世王迄今沿袭不变,今天玉佛寺被視為國家守護的宗教聖地。
玉佛寺目前占大皇宮的面積約四分之一,位於宮內的東北方向,寺內供奉的帕佛陀大摩尼寶玉佛(พระพุทธมหามณีรัตนปฏิมากร)簡稱玉佛(พระแก้วมรกต),由一整塊翠綠壁玉(翡翠)雕成,高約66公分,寬約48公分,由玻璃保護,上有多層華蓋,基座高昂。据说这尊玉佛是在许多地方停留过,初期是镶在清莱府玉佛寺的佛塔中,后来佛塔被雷劈毁之後才发现这尊玉佛在内,当时这尊玉佛是被灰泥(stucco)盖住而贴滿金箔,后来佛像眼部所盖上的灰泥部分開始裂开,才发现佛像原来是整块翡翠而雕制的,后来這尊玉佛就到南邦府、清邁府、老撾萬象玉佛寺入寺供奉。吞武里王朝鄭昭出兵征討歸附緬甸的老撾三個小王國,同程迎请玉佛到吞武里郑王寺(วัดอรุณราชวราราม)入寺供奉。后来拉玛一世將泰國首都遷至曼谷之后,即请玉佛到玉佛寺皇宫内供奉。
玉佛每年按照熱季、雨季、涼季三季變換的時間,泰國國王或王子親自為玉佛更衣換服,以示尊敬保佑國泰民安的皇家重要儀式,从拉玛一世王迄今沿袭不变。
玉佛寺內的所有建築都有加高的白色大理石基座和繽紛奪目的鑲嵌畫裝飾,在主殿北方,有三座佛塔,分別是純泰式藏經閣(พระมณฑป,Phra Mondop),內有拉瑪一世寫得藏經、錫蘭式金色舍利佛塔(พระศรีรัตนเจดีย์,Phra Sri Ratana Chedi),由拉瑪四世所建、父祖皇室宗廟(ปราสาทพระเทพบิดร,Prasat Phra Debidorn)。
最外圍的圍牆則是白色的,相當簡單,內牆繪有泰國版本羅摩耶那史詩(รามายณะ,Ramayana)神話的場景。參觀時可由玉佛寺北門開始,以順時針的方向觀賞178幅壁畫,多數壁畫都有泰文的說明。除此之外,在玉佛寺中出现五米高的守门神雕像,就有幾個主要在羅摩衍那史詩神話中的大型神像,如猴王哈奴曼(หนุมาน,Hanuman)反派十面巨人罗波那(ทศกัณฑ์,Ravana)。
東側則有一排8座,呈一条直線的佛塔,外貼中國風味的磁磚,一共有8種顏色,代表佛教的不同元素。
此外,玉佛寺區裡,有吳哥窟的模型位於藏經閣北方中,是泰國國王拉瑪三世所增加的收藏。在柬埔寨的高棉帝國時期,兩地的文化經常有交流且有共通之處。
玉佛寺被視為泰國的三大佛寺之一,遊客入內必須衣著整齊,不得穿露出腳踝和肩膀的服飾,並依據參觀方向參觀。如進到主寺中,必須脫鞋而且席地而坐,保持安靜,腳板嚴禁朝向佛像方向,且禁止拍照。游客只能拍摄目前尚未修复的建筑物。[1]
玉佛寺位於曼谷Na Phralan路上,每日開放時間是8:30—15:30,泰國人參觀免費,外國遊客則收取500泰銖(2022年8月),如衣著不合規定,在買票處有紗籠可以租借。
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