目前,人類已對溶細胞素做了大量研究。自1970年代以來,已有多於40種的溶細胞素被發現並歸類[7]。從基因水平上說,大約70種溶細胞素的遺傳學結構已被闡明[8]。溶細胞素破壞細胞膜的過程同樣已被研究過。約翰·羅斯(Rossjohn)等人已提出了一種巰基活化的溶細胞素「perfringolysin O」的晶體結構。該溶細胞素可以在真核細胞的膜上造出孔洞。一個詳盡的揭示了膜插入機制的跨膜孔洞形成的模型已被構建出來[9]。Shatursky等人在對一種由可致病的氣莢膜梭菌分泌的、叫做Perfringolysin O (PFO)的可生成離子孔道的膽固醇依賴型穿孔素的膜插入機制進行研究後發現,PFO不是每條多肽鏈具有一個兩親性的β型髮卡結構,而是每個單體都有兩個可以貫穿整個膜的β型的髮卡結構。專注於對樹脂毒素(英語:Resiniferatoxin,一類許多革蘭氏陰性菌都會分泌的膜破壞性毒素)穿膜模型研究的拉里等人,闡明了蛋白質從樹脂毒素到靶細胞脂質膜的插入和轉運過程[10]。
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^Skals, Marianne, and Helle A. Praetorius. "Mechanisms of cytolysin‐induced cell damage–a role for auto‐and paracrine signalling." Acta Physiologica 209.2 (2013): 95-113.
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