流行語

流行語,又稱潮流用語(簡稱潮語),是指在近期熱門的民眾使用語。很多潮流用語源自年輕人之間自創和使用的俚語網語。不同地區所使用的潮流用語也不盡相同。

與新詞的差異

“流行語”常與「新词”被混淆。其與“新词”有以下的不同:[1]

  1. 流行語只要在一定的時間內非常流行,即可稱為流行語,可以是新產生的詞或語句,也可以是原有的詞或語句,如“忽悠(音似英语 "Fool英语Fool you")”一詞原是意为糊弄的東北話,2001年之後經過趙本山的小品傳播才使之成為全中國大陸的流行語。“糊弄”在台灣則是經相聲表演[2],在2000年前即由流行與成為常用語。
  2. 流行語的固定程度比較短,絕大部分都經歷由盛轉衰直至銷聲匿跡的過程,只有很少部分能長期被大眾使用,進而成為慣常用語。如1980年代末台灣的流行語“新新人類”,現時已經極少使用,幾乎成為廢語
  3. 部分台灣流行語則被大眾慣用,而漸漸固定成常用語,比如基於中視交友節目《來電50》所延伸出的“長得很抱歉”,以及基於“長得很抱歉”流行後興起的造詞運動[3],如“長得很愛國”、“長得很安全”。作為常用語傳到中國大陸後大陸民眾多半不清楚典故。甚至年輕一輩的台灣人都不清楚,所以誤以為流行語只有少部份成為常用語。

演化

流行語大多有其“壽命”,說得多了便沒有新鮮感,之後可能便會慢慢消失,一般潮流用語雖然使用的時間比較短,但流行期間的使用範圍廣,引起的社會效應也比較大,許多新詞未能做到這一點。有些則會因為流行而變成方言詞。近年的潮流用語多為網上用語。

教育和考試方面

曾經有人以潮流用語為主題編著學習教材,如中學老師蘇揚真(筆名:蘇真真)出版的潮語學習卡嶺南大學教授彭志銘出版的香港潮語話齋。

近年在公開考試發生了如下數單跟潮流用語有關的爭議。


香港近10年來常用潮語

2009年

2010年

2011年

2012年

  • WhatsApp微信智能手機交友應用程式名稱,隨著智能手機急速普及化而廣為港人熟悉。
  • 加年大:由於速成輸入法的普及,很多速成輸入法使用者經常打錯拿為年,故倉頡輸入法使用者便以此取笑他們,加年大一度洗版網絡。
  • 雙非:指父母雙方並非香港居民的情況下,內地孕婦藉多種途徑進入本港範圍產子,引起香港網民爭議。
  • 僭建:傳媒揭發港府多名高官,以至2012年行政長官選舉各候選人,其私人住所被指有違規構築物。
  • 水客:指將本港銷售的商品,以多種形式運返內地(水貨)的職業旅客。
  • 江南Style韓國歌手PSY的歌曲之一,其音樂錄像(MV)掀起文化全球化,在香港衍生網民二次創作甚至快閃黨活動。

2014年

  • 佛系:源於2014年日本一本女性雜誌的介紹,意指一切靠緣分的生活態度、不追逐名利及打扮,不會特地嘗試改變現狀。

2016年

  • DQ:是「取消資格」的意思。近年多用於形容在選舉中被取消資格。

2017年

  • 仙氣:網上術語。在viuTV粵語配音日本搞笑動畫《齊木楠雄的災難》中使用。
  • DLKH:「由於貧窮」的意思。

2019年

2020年

  • 廢老:在廢青一詞出現後出現。在在viuTV自製電視劇《男排女將》出現。當時37歲的鄧麗欣在戲中角色有集有對白自嘲廢老。

參見

參考資料

  1. ^ 《流行語的特徵》 任猶龍 日語學習與研究 1998年6月號
  2. ^ 如1999年相聲瓦舍的《誰唬嚨我?》
  3. ^ 類似“哥吃的不是麵,是寂寞”流行後大量仿造格式的出現
  4. ^ 新闻英语:香港抗议口号“Be Water”是什么意思?. www.abc.net.au. 2019-09-02 [2021-12-09]. (原始内容存档于2021-12-09) (中文). 

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