氮化鋁

氮化铝[1][2]
英文名 Aluminium nitride
别名 氮化铝
识别
CAS号 24304-00-5  checkY
PubChem 90455
ChemSpider 81668
SMILES
 
  • [Al]#N
InChI
 
  • 1/Al.N/rAlN/c1-2
InChIKey PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-PXKYIXAJAH
EINECS 246-140-8
ChEBI 50884
RTECS BD1055000
性质
化学式 AlN
摩尔质量 40.989[2] g·mol⁻¹
外观 蓝白色晶体[2]
密度 3.255 g/cm3[2]
熔点 3000 °C[2]
沸点 2517 °C
溶解性 与水反应[2]
熱導率 140–180 W m-1 K-1
结构
晶体结构 六方[2]
热力学
热容 740 J Kg-1 K-1
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

氮化鋁(Aluminum Nitride,AlN)是氮化物。纖鋅礦狀態的氮化鋁(w-AlN)是一種寬帶隙(Wide-bandgap Semiconductor)的半導體材料(6.2 eV)。故也是可應用於深紫外線光電子學半導體物料。

歷史及特性

氮化鋁于1877年首次合成。至1980年代,因氮化鋁是一種陶瓷絕緣體(多晶體物料為 70-210 W‧m−1‧K−1,而單晶體更可高達 275 W‧m−1‧K−1 ),使氮化鋁有較高的傳熱能力,至使氮化鋁被大量應用于微電子學。与氧化鈹不同的是氮化鋁無毒。氮化鋁用金屬處理,能取代礬土氧化鈹用於大量電子儀器。氮化鋁可通過氧化鋁還原作用或直接氮化金屬来制备。氮化鋁是一種以共價鍵相連的物質,它有六角晶體結構,與硫化鋅纖維鋅礦同形。此結構的空間組為P63mc。要以熱壓及銲接式才可製造出工業級的物料。物質在惰性的高溫環境中非常穩定。在空氣中,溫度高于700時,物質表面會發生氧化作用。在室溫下,物質表面仍能探測到5-10納米厚的氧化物薄膜。直至1370氧化物薄膜仍可保護物質。但當溫度高于1370時,便會發生大量氧化作用。直至980,氮化鋁在氫氣二氧化碳中仍相當穩定。礦物通過侵襲粒狀物質的界限使它慢慢溶解,而強則通過侵襲粒狀氮化鋁使它溶解。物質在中會慢慢水解。氮化鋁可以抵抗大部分融解的的侵襲,包括氯化物冰晶石〔即六〕。

應用

有報告指現今大部分研究都在開發一種以半導體氮化鎵合金鋁氮化鎵)為基础且運行於紫外線發光二極管,而波長為250納米。在2006年5月有報告指一個無效率的二極管可發出波長為210納米的光波[1]。以真空紫外線反射率量出單一的氮化鋁晶體上有6.2eV的能隙。理論上,能隙允許一些波長為大約200納米的通過。但在商業上實行時,需克服不少困難。氮化鋁應用於光電工程,包括在光學儲存介面及電子基質作誘電層,在高的導熱性下作晶片載體,以及作軍事用途。

由于氮化鋁壓電效應的特性,氮化鋁晶體的外延性伸展也用於表面聲學波的探測器。而探測器則會放置於晶圓上。只有非常少的地方能可靠地製造這些細的薄膜

參見

參考資料

  1. ^ Aluminum Nitride. Accuratus. [2008-07-17]. (原始内容存档于2011-08-07). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 97th Edition. 2016-06-24: 4–45. ISBN 1-4987-5428-7 (英语). 

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