僵尸又名跳尸,是源于明清民間傳說的一種復活死屍,有时被西方人称作“中国的吸血鬼”,会杀死生物从他们身上吸取生命精髓(气)。据说他们是因为人的灵魂(魄)无法离开尸体,才形成的。[1]。描述殭屍的特点之一是,他们的皮肤呈青白色的毛茸状,也许是由于尸体上长真菌或者霉菌的原因[2]。在香港和西亚地区,僵尸传说促生了一派僵尸电影和文学。20世纪80年代和90年代僵尸电影的大热时期,上映了许多僵尸电影,例如《鬼打鬼》和《僵尸先生》。[3][4]
據袁枚《子不語》及紀昀《閱微草堂筆記》所記載,殭屍還有三個別名:移屍、走影、走屍。與中國殭屍相似存在的外國鬼怪,有吸血鬼跟喪屍等不死生物。
在近代香港電影中,殭屍都被設定成身穿清朝官员服饰或壽衣的造型,因生前帶有極大怨氣,導致亡者死不瞑目,或是人為破壞墓地風水等原因而造成屍變;復甦之後會率先攻擊還在世上的親人或附近包含活人在內的生物,以其爪、牙為武器,被抓傷、咬傷者,若沒有獲得即時治療,會感染屍毒而死亡,繼而變成另一隻殭屍。
最早的文字记录于明清时代,第一部系统描写僵尸的书籍就是袁枚的小说《子不语》。
中國傳說上古時代蚩尤與黃帝交戰,廝殺慘烈。蚩尤爲了運回戰死兵士的遺體,便命手下軍師設法運屍。相傳行屍術便由此而來。[5]
趕屍的傳說在湘西出現最頻繁,可能源於當地湘西趕屍的傳說。湘西行屍,又稱移靈,屬茅山術祝由科,發源於湘西沅陵、泸溪、辰溪、溆浦四縣,在屍體未腐化時由術士趕回鄉安葬。趕屍的術士大約三五同行,有的用繩繫著屍體,每隔幾尺一個,然後額上貼黃紙符,另外的便打鑼響鈴開路,晝伏夜行。天光前投棧,揭起符紙,屍靠牆而立,到夜間繼續上路。
傳說殭屍會進食死後未腐的屍體,並吸食其血液。殭屍的样貌特征取材自古代法医学书中的驗屍記錄。
清代袁枚志怪小說集《子不語》第九卷的《掘塚奇報》提及了幾種死後未腐的屍體「白殭、綠殭、紫殭、毛殭之類」。
《秦中墓道》則又提到因毛色黑白,殭屍又可稱為黑凶或白凶。
《屍奔》一章甚至提到一隻自稱黃小二的生有五色毛的殭屍。
《牛僵尸》中提到,牛也可能变僵尸。[6]
此外《續子不語·骷髏三種》中也提到類似殭屍但僅存骨骸的三種作祟之屍體。不化骨:人死後身體某些部位因為精神灌注而使其部位屍骨不化,所謂精神灌注就比如扛米工人因為一直用肩膀出力,他死了之後可能其肩膀附近就都不會腐化,而肩膀不化的部位就叫做不化骨,而不化骨若是之後得了日月精氣就會作祟。伏屍:千年不朽的屍體,無法移動,可以說是完整全屍的不化骨,久了之後得日月精華就會逐漸化為游屍。〈岣嶁神書〉云:「老蛤能辟伏屍。」遊屍:會隨著月氣因時節移動,居無定所,久了之後更會化為飛行夜叉。[7]
《閱微草堂筆記》對殭屍的描述:「〈山海經〉實以女魃,似因詩語而附會……近世所云旱魃則皆僵屍」,「白毛遍體,目赤如丹砂,指如曲勾,齒露唇外如利刃……接吻噓氣,血腥貫鼻……」。
红僵记载于《高辛砚斋杂著》[8]。
《洞灵小志》另有记载全身红毛,虽然脸上没毛但也是红色的僵尸。[9]
歷史上最早有殭屍的電影是1936年的《午夜殭屍》。戰後在香港電影中,最初的殭屍都是身穿清朝官員服飾,因從月亮吸收陰氣,死不瞑目,殭屍因積攢怨氣、人為破壞或墓地風水屬性屍變而形成。以爪為武器,被抓傷者會感染屍毒死亡,繼而變成另一隻殭屍;於月圓之夜,陰氣增強的時候,力量亦會隨之而增強。
殭屍在1980年代在香港電影是很受歡迎的主題,代表作是林正英的僵尸道长系列。电影中用符贴僵尸前额可以让僵尸睡着不动,且总是穿着清朝官服和向前伸直手臂,一般以跳躍前進。並且在情節上往往會揉合功夫和喜劇。這種風格始於1980年洪金寶自導自演的《鬼打鬼》,而以林正英飾演道長的殭屍先生系列為最著名。
1951 British filmGreen Grow the RushesDirected byDerek N. TwistWritten byDerek N. TwistHoward ClewesBased onGreen Grow the Rushes by Howard ClewesProduced byJohn W. GossageStarringRoger LiveseyRichard BurtonHonor BlackmanCinematographyHarry WaxmanEdited byHazel WilkinsonMusic byLambert WilliamsonProductioncompanyACT FilmsDistributed byBritish Lion FilmsRelease date6 November 1951Running time77 minutesCountryUnited KingdomLanguageEnglishBudget$250,000[1] Green Grow the Rushes is a 1951 Br…
Republik Sosialis Soviet MoldaviaМолдавская Советская Социалистическая РеспубликаРепублика Советикэ Сочиалистэ МолдовеняскэRepublica Sovietică Socialistă Moldovenească1940–19411944–1991 Bendera Lambang Semboyan: Пролетарь дин тоате цэриле, униць-вэ! Prolyetari din toatye tserilye, unitsi-ve! (Moldova: Pekerja di dunia, bersatulah!)Lagu kebangsaan: Имнул де С
Процес очищення води: каналізаційні стоки, вихід очисних споруд, і повністю очищена вода (після кількох ступенів очистки) Зворотна вода (англ. reclaimed water, recycled water) — вода, що повертається за допомогою технічних споруд і засобів з господарської ланки кругообігу води в його
El Callao Ciudad Monumento Las Impulsoras de El Callao BanderaEscudo El CallaoLocalización de El Callao en Venezuela El CallaoLocalización de El Callao en Bolívar (Venezuela)Coordenadas 7°20′50″N 61°49′59″O / 7.3473611, -61.8331903Entidad Ciudad • País Venezuela • Estado Bolívar • Municipio El CallaoAlcalde Coromoto Lugo MUDEventos históricos • Fundación 1853Superficie • Total 336,8 km² Población …
La rédaction du journal à Amsterdam. Pays Pays-Bas Langue Néerlandais Périodicité Quotidien Format Tabloïd Genre Généraliste Prix au numéro 2,99 € (numéros du lundi au mercredi inclus), 3,39 € (numéros du jeudi et vendredi)[1] Diffusion 135 764 ex. (2016) Date de fondation 1970 (il y a 53 ans) Éditeur NRC Media Ville d’édition Amsterdam, La Haye Propriétaire Mediahuis Rédacteur en chef René Moerland ISSN 0002-5259 ISSN (version électronique) 2589-0719 OCLC 12645562 Si…
Resolusi 1240Dewan Keamanan PBBKhorugh di TajikistanTanggal15 Mei 1999Sidang no.4.004KodeS/RES/1240 (Dokumen)TopikSituasi di Tajikistan dan sepanjang perbatasan Tajik–AfghanRingkasan hasil15 mendukungTidak ada menentangTidak ada abstainHasilDiadopsiKomposisi Dewan KeamananAnggota tetap Tiongkok Prancis Rusia Britania Raya Amerika SerikatAnggota tidak tetap Argentina Bahrain Brasil Kanada Gabon Gambia Malaysia Namibia…
Маї-сюр-СейMailly-sur-Seille Країна Франція Регіон Гранд-Ест Департамент Мерт і Мозель Округ Нансі Кантон Номені Код INSEE 54333 Поштові індекси 54610 Координати 48°54′41″ пн. ш. 6°14′45″ сх. д.H G O Висота 184 - 283 м.н.р.м. Площа 6,4 км² Населення 250 (01-2020[1]) Густота 40,0 ос./км…
System of communication For the journal, see Cellular Signalling. In biology, cell signaling (cell signalling in British English) is the process by which a cell interacts with itself, other cells and the environment. Cell signaling is a fundamental property of all cellular life in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Typically, the signaling process involves three components: The signal, the receptor and the effector. In biology, signals are mostly chemical in nature, but can also be physical cues such a…
Contoh Sertifikat Kecakapan Amatir Radio yang dikeluarkan oleh Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika Republik Indonesia Sertifikat Kecakapan Amatir Radio adalah sertifikat yang menjadi bukti bahwa seseorang telah lulus ujian negara amatir radio sesuai tingkatannya.[1] Sertifikat ini diterbitkan oleh Kementrian Komunikasi dan Informatika Republik Indonesia.[2] SKAR merupakan dokumen yang dibutuhkan bagi setiap amatir radio untuk menjadi anggota ORARI.[2] Saat ini SKAR sud…
Callidium Callidium violaceumTaxonomíaReino: AnimaliaFilo: ArthropodaClase: InsectaOrden: ColeopteraFamilia: CerambycidaeGénero: CallidiumFabricius, 1775[editar datos en Wikidata] Callidium es un género de escarabajos longicornios.[1] Especies Callidium angustipennis Chemsak, 1964 Callidium antennatum Newman, 1838 Callidium bifasciatum Fabricius, 1787 Callidium biguttatum Sallé, 1856 Callidium brevicorne Olivier, 1790 Callidium californicum Casey, 1912 Callidium cicat…
For other uses, see Duchess of Cleveland (disambiguation). English royal mistress from the Villiers family Her GraceThe Duchess of ClevelandCountess of CastlemainePortrait attributed to John Greenhill. Dated to no later than 1676.BornBarbara Villiers27 November 1640 (17 November Old Style)Parish of St. Margaret's, City and Liberty of Westminster, Middlesex, EnglandDied9 October 1709(1709-10-09) (aged 68)Chiswick Mall, Middlesex, EnglandNationalityEnglishSpouse(s)Roger Palmer, 1st Earl of Ca…
Vladimír Fischer (* 4. Juli 1870 in Fryšták, Mähren; † 28. Oktober 1947 in Brünn) war ein tschechischer Architekt, Professor an der Tschechischen Technischen Hochschule zu Brünn und 1931–1932 deren Rektor. Leben Rathaus in Tišnov Neues Rathaus in Ostrau Kirche St. Augustinus in Brünn Fischers Vater Anton Fischer war ein Baumeister, der in Fryšták und später Holešov eine eigene Firma besaß. Von 1887 bis 1893 studierte Vladimír Fischer an der Tschechischen Technisc…
Javad KhanKhan of GanjaReign1786 - 15 January [O.S. 3 January] 1804PredecessorRahim KhanSuccessorKhanate liquidated Born1748Died15 January 1804 (aged 55–56)BuriedTomb of Javad KhanNoble familyZiyadoghlu QajarFatherShahverdi KhanMotherSharafjahan KhanumJavad Khan Qajar (Persian: جواد خان قاجار; Azerbaijani: جواد خان قاجار; c. 1748 – 1804) was a member Ziyadoghlu Qajar, a clan of the Qajar tribe,[1][2] as well as the sixth …
Not to be confused with the 1951 film Awaara. This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources.Find sources: Awara film – news · newspapers · books · scholar …
Reduction of light emitted from fluorescent substances For other uses, see Quench (disambiguation). Two samples of quinine dissolved in water with a violet laser (left) illuminating both. Typically quinine fluoresces blue, visible in the right sample. The left sample contains chloride ions which quench quinine's fluorescence, so the left sample does not fluoresce visibly (the violet light is just scattered laser light). In chemistry, quenching refers to any process which decreases the fluorescen…
American actress (1947–2017) Elizabeth BaurBaur in Lancer, 1968Born(1947-12-01)December 1, 1947Los Angeles, California, U.S.DiedSeptember 30, 2017(2017-09-30) (aged 69)Los Angeles, California, U.S.OccupationActressYears active1968–1993Spouses Eugene Worton (m. 1976; div. 1985) Steven Springer (m. 1989) RelativesSharon Gless (cousin) Elizabeth Baur (December 1, 1947 – September 30, 2017) was an Amer…
2014 Movie The Midnight AfterDirected byFruit ChanWritten by Chan Fai-hung Kong Ho-yan[1] Produced byAmy Chin[1]StarringWong You-namJanice ManSimon YamKara HuiLam SuetChui Tien-youCheuk Wan-chiLee Sheung-chingSam LeeJan CuriousCinematographyLam Wah-chuen[1]Edited by Tin Sup Fat To To[1] Music by Ellen Joyce Loo Veronica Lee[1] ProductioncompaniesThe Midnight After Film One Ninety FilmsDistributed byGolden SceneRelease dates 7 February 2014 (…
This article relies excessively on references to primary sources. Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources. Find sources: Memorial Medical Center Modesto, California – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Hospital in California, United StatesMemorial Medical CenterSutter HealthGeographyLocation1700 Coffee Road, Modesto, California, United StatesCoord…
リサラルダ県Departamento de Risaralda 県 旗紋章 位置図 北緯04度49分 西経75度42分 / 北緯4.817度 西経75.700度 / 4.817; -75.700座標: 北緯04度49分 西経75度42分 / 北緯4.817度 西経75.700度 / 4.817; -75.700国 コロンビア地方 アンデス地方設立 1966年7月1日県都 ペレイラ面積 • 合計 4,140 km2面積順位 29位人口(2005年)[1] • 合計 863,663…
2019 American martial arts black comedy film The Art of Self-DefenseTheatrical release posterDirected byRiley StearnsWritten byRiley StearnsProduced by Andrew Kortschak Walter Kortschak Cody Ryder Stephane Whonsetler Starring Jesse Eisenberg Alessandro Nivola Imogen Poots CinematographyMichael RagenEdited bySarah Beth ShapiroMusic byHeather McIntoshProductioncompanyEnd CueDistributed byBleecker StreetRelease dates March 10, 2019 (2019-03-10) (SXSW) July 12, 2019 …
Lokasi Pengunjung: 18.117.101.199