枋寮鄉(臺灣話:Pang-liâu-hiong;臺灣客家語饒平腔:biongˇ liau hiongˇ,南四縣腔:biongˊ liauˇ hiongˊ)位於台灣屏東縣西部中段偏南,北臨新埤鄉、東鄰春日鄉,東北連來義鄉,西北連佳冬鄉,西南濱台灣海峽,南接枋山鄉。
本鄉另有一塊飛地位於春日鄉行政中心北邊。
本鄉位處屏東平原與恆春半島的中介點,沿海地區地勢平坦,多闢為養殖漁業區,近山地區稍有起伏,早期以種植稻米為主,現以改種蓮霧、芒果經濟價值較高的農產品,氣候上屬熱帶季風氣候。
早期枋寮鄉東方、南方為擁有許多天然林木的傀儡山,清代康熙年間漳州人至此開墾時,以伐木鋸板搭寮為生,故名「枋寮」或「板寮」[1]。拓墾初期,清廷為採軍船用材,樵匠至此筏木並築寮至材,以船接運中國,為一軍匠屯聚之處。而在1764年的《重修鳳山縣志》中,已有「枋寮街」一詞的記載[註 1][2]。
雍正九年(1731年),清廷在萬丹(今屏東縣萬丹鄉)增設縣丞駐守,管轄「淡水、枋寮口」等處。同時將下淡水巡檢駐守的地方調到大崑麓(今屏東縣枋寮鄉大庄村)
清代年間本地隸屬福建省由台南府鳳山縣管轄設總理一人辦理行政,日治時代後,明治二十九年(1896年)本鄉成立水底寮庄、北勢寮庄、北旗尾庄,每庄設總理一人治理政事,到了明治三十二年(1899年)將三庄的總理制度廢止改設區長,置其辦事處於枋寮及水底寮,隔年三月施行保甲制度,聯合甲置於水底寮。[來源請求]1920年,實施地方制度改正,枋寮庄屬高雄州潮州郡。枋寮庄分為枋寮、番子崙、大庄、水底寮、北旗尾、新開、內寮、大響營等8個大字[3]。
1945年臺灣由中華民國接管後,枋寮庄改為「枋寮鄉」,屬高雄縣潮州區。1950年,調整行政區域,屏東立縣,與高雄縣分治,枋寮鄉改隸屏東縣[4]。
根據屏東縣枋寮戶政事務所統計,2023年底枋寮鄉戶數約8.7千戶,人口約2.3萬人,鄉內人口最多與最少的村分別是隆山村與玉泉村,2023年底兩村人口分別為4,747人與460人[5]。
枋寮鄉公所是枋寮鄉最高層級的地方行政機關,在中華民國政府架構中為鄉自治的行政機關,同時負責執行縣政府及中央機關委辦事項。枋寮鄉的自治監督機關為屏東縣政府。鄉長由全體鄉民直接選舉產生,任期為四年,可連選連任一次。枋寮鄉公所並置鄉政會議,為鄉政最高決策機構,在鄉長之下,設有5課3室等8個內部單位及3個附屬機關[6]。
枋寮鄉民代表會是枋寮鄉的最高民意機關,代表枋寮鄉全體鄉民立法和監察鄉政。鄉民代表由公民直選選出,任期為四年,可連選連任。枋寮鄉民代表會共有11位鄉民代表,分別為第一選區5席鄉民代表、第二選區4席鄉民代表、第三選區2席鄉民代表,主席、副主席由11位鄉民代表互選產生[7]。
現今枋寮鄉行政範圍的確立,來自於1920年,日本將臺灣十二廳改為五州二廳,設枋寮庄屬高雄州潮州郡。枋寮庄轄枋寮、番子崙、大庄、水底寮、北旗尾、新開、內寮、大響營等8個大字[3]。1945年,改為「枋寮鄉」,屬高雄縣潮州區。1950年,調整行政區域,枋寮鄉改隸新成立的屏東縣。 枋寮鄉的行政區劃轄有枋寮村、保生村、中寮村、安樂村、隆山村、天時村、地利村、人和村、內寮村、新開村、東海村、大庄村、新龍村、太源村、玉泉村等15個村,共計331個鄰[8]。
枋寮高中讀步枋寮人文課程,介紹本鄉獨特的歷史文化資產,以下資料依照課程內容排版補充。
枋寮藝術村「建村」歷史,與枋寮當地人文,以及火車站發展息息相關。1996年,枋寮地區一群懷抱開創藝文環境理想的年輕人,他們有的是出國學藝後,準備好好回饋家鄉,現任職屏東教育大學的林右正老師,就是其中關鍵人物。還有致力地方美學教育多年的藝術家,「鄉音美術會」是其中最具代表性團體,如今它已轉型為「枋寮藝文發展協會」,而且長期進駐枋寮藝術村。
至於枋寮藝術村本體建築,則是利用火車站老舊鐵路員工宿舍整修,使閒置空間再行利用。話說從頭,2001年文建會推出「閒置空間再利用」政策,枋寮生活文化促進會順勢提出利用枋寮火車站周邊的閒置空間計畫,豐富的藝術環境改造內容,獲得文建會肯定與補助,各級地方政府也全力促成此項計畫,枋寮終於開啟一口最重要的「藝術之窗」。
枋寮藝術村於2002年12月納入鐵道藝術網絡計畫;該站也從早期以「枋寮鄉F3特區經營管理委員會」及「枋寮生活文化促進會」為經營單位,於2005年由經營管理至今。
枋寮藝術村成立後,廣邀各類藝術家及社團進駐,目前已有石雕、木雕、紙雕、鐵雕、版畫、馬賽克、音樂、裝置藝術、皮雕等等藝術家與社團駐村,希望打造有特色的藝術村。其中擅長偶戲的黃明道老師,熱切投入的表演藝術,內涵無盡的熱力與創意,如今即使黃老師驟逝,藝術村熱鬧的偶戲劇場,還是讓遊客回味再三。
2020年枋寮藝術村已正式廢村。因為未知的因素,導致屏東縣政府文化處不願意續約,而鄉公所也沒有經費可以承接,於是枋寮F3藝文特區正式走入歷史。
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