悫惠皇贵妃

悫惠皇贵妃 佟佳氏
大清帝國皇貴妃
佟佳氏
位號康熙三十九年(1700年): 贵妃
雍正二年(1724年): 皇考皇贵妃
乾隆元年(1736年): 皇祖寿祺皇贵太妃
徽号壽祺皇貴太妃
旗籍满洲镶黄旗
出生康熙七年戊申八月
1668年
婚姻名份妾室
逝世乾隆八年癸亥四月初一
1743年(74—75歲)
谥号悫惠皇贵妃
墓葬景陵皇贵妃园寝
親屬
父親领侍卫内大臣承恩公佟国维
母親赫舍里氏
聖祖仁皇帝玄燁
夫之父世祖章皇帝福臨
夫之嫡母世祖元皇后博爾濟吉特氏
孝惠章皇后博爾濟吉特氏
夫之母孝康章皇后佟佳氏
夫之元配孝诚仁皇后赫舍里氏
夫之繼室孝昭仁皇后紐祜祿氏
孝懿仁皇后佟佳氏
夫之側室孝恭仁皇后烏雅氏
惇怡皇貴妃瓜爾佳氏
兄弟隆科多
慶復
姊妹孝懿仁皇后佟佳氏
其他親屬曾祖父: 佟养真
祖父: 佟图赖
伯父:佟国纲
姑母:孝康章皇后佟佳氏

què惠皇贵妃(1668年—1743年),佟佳氏,原称佟氏[1],滿州鑲黃旗人。领侍卫内大臣佟国维之女,孝懿仁皇后同父異母的親妹妹,亦與康熙帝生母孝康章皇后有血緣關係。

生平

康熙七年(1668年)戊申八月生。佟佳氏何时入宫不详,是否有正式册封亦不详。当时,因后宫制度不完善,康熙帝嫔御享有妃嫔待遇,而长期未有正式册封是为常见。

康熙三十六年(1697年)时,佟佳氏当與宣妃一樣,享有妃位的待遇[2]

康熙三十九年(1700年)十二月,佟佳氏被封为贵妃[1]。当时孝誠皇后孝昭皇后孝懿皇后温僖贵妃均已去逝,後宫無主多年,佟佳氏贵妃實際上已位居康熙后宫之首。(直到康熙帝後期,亦未見給貴妃再次晉升的紀錄)

康熙四十五年七月,聖祖打鱼所得甚多,所以將香油鱼五十尾恭进皇太后,又將猪油魚一百五十尾送到贵妃处。

康熙帝後期,貴妃与和妃曾抚育过乾隆皇帝雍正皇帝的兒子、德妃的孫子)。

康熙六十一年(1722年),康熙帝逝世,依照慣例(同康熙時期)尊封先朝妃嫔。奉皇太后懿旨称已過世多年的孝懿皇后曾經抚育過雍正皇帝,而貴妃是孝懿皇后的亲妹妹,因此要将皇后之妹尊封为皇贵妃[3]

雍正二年六月[4]遣官尊封为皇考皇贵妃

乾隆元年(1736年)十一月,乾隆帝因念其抚育恩情而再尊为皇祖寿祺皇贵太妃。乾隆二年七月十四日,舉行壽祺皇貴太妃七十大寿慶典,乾隆帝親自到宁寿宫贺寿。

乾隆八年四月初一日,年逾七十六歲的壽祺皇貴太妃逝世[5],貝勒允禕奏請進京瞻仰皇太妃金棺[6]。佟佳氏薨逝後,有大臣提出辍朝五日,乾隆帝卻命辍朝十日,而同樣撫養過弘歴的惇怡皇贵妃却僅辍朝五日。同年五月賜谥号为悫惠皇贵妃,十二月十一日葬景陵东,就是后来的景陵雙妃园寝。

乾隆朝晚期,乾隆帝曾让人统计康熙帝遗孀四位太妃的名号,以表單的方式开列上来,都是用尊号写的。比如说悫惠皇贵妃,写的就是“寿祺皇贵太妃”。结果乾隆帝因年紀太大而忘記諸太妃的名號,在旁边写了一行硃批说:「此四位内,那位系佟太妃,那位系和太妃」,然后大臣便在“寿祺皇贵太妃”下面手写了个“佟”字。

注释

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 清实录·圣祖实录·卷之二百零二》康熙三十九年……(十二月)○乙亥。遣大学士伊桑阿、持节册封佟氏为贵妃。册文曰朕惟化理始自壸仪、端重温恭之选。德教彰于妇顺、实资赞翼之功。爰锡丝纶用昭典制尔佟氏诞育名门夙标令问。柔嘉中节。敬慎含章……
  2. ^ 《為皇太后皇子公主等預備豬鵝雞等數目清單》妃六人,豬肉各十二,各八斤,鵝各一隻,雞各二隻;嬪四人,豬肉各八,各六斤、鵝各半隻、雞各一隻半;貴人四人,豬肉各六,各五斤八兩、鵝半隻、雞各一隻;常在六人,豬肉各五,各四斤、雞各一隻。四公主豬肉五,四斤;嬤嬤二人,豬肉各一斤八兩;六公主豬肉五,四斤;嬤嬤二人,豬肉各一斤八兩;老宮女二人,豬肉各一斤四兩
  3. ^ 《清實錄·清世宗憲皇帝實錄·卷之二十》:康熙六十一年,雍正皇帝諭總理事務王大臣等:朕奉皇太后懿旨,孝懿仁皇后曾撫育爾躬。 貴妃系孝懿仁皇后親妹,應將貴妃封為皇貴妃和妃奉事先帝最為謹慎,應將和妃封為貴妃。朕惟皇太后聖心至仁至厚,此旨實為允當,爾等會同禮部查例具奏。又諭:朕奉皇太后懿旨,爾兄弟之母當加意相待,朕念十二阿哥之母(定嬪萬琉哈氏)多年侍奉皇考甚為謹慎久列嬪位,今晉封為定妃。十五阿哥十六阿哥之母密嬪,亦晉封為密妃。再現在有曾生兄弟之母,未經受封者,俱應封為貴人六公主之母應封為。內有一常在,年已七旬,亦應封為貴人
  4. ^ 《清實錄·清世宗實錄·卷之二十一》(雍正二年六月)○庚辰。以尊封聖祖仁皇帝:皇貴妃、貴妃、密妃、定妃、通嬪,遣官祭告太廟、奉先殿……辛巳。 遣官齎冊寶尊封聖祖仁皇帝:皇貴妃、貴妃、密妃、定妃、通嬪……
  5. ^ 《清高宗實錄》諭王大臣等,太皇太妃溘然薨逝,太妃將朕自幼撫養,前亦曾顧复皇考。今因薨逝,朕心不勝悲傷。但太妃系皇貴妃,國家典禮,不便加上諡號。朕躬意欲持服,以稍展哀敬之心,其應行與否,著現在此處之王大臣等即行議奏
  6. ^ [乾隆八年] 貝勒允禕《奏請進京瞻仰皇太妃金棺折》,中國第一歷史檔案館藏,檔案號:03-0170-0030-007

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