巫術、巫术(英語:witchcraft)是一種基於聯想的原始神秘儀式。[1][2]
巫術是迄今為止人類所知的最早的神秘儀式。原始時代的人類在宗教儀式誕生前所使用的便是巫術。最古老的巫術又被稱作交感巫術,本質上巫術來源於聯想,有著相似律和接觸律兩大基本原則,而這也是後續的宗教儀式及各類神秘誕生的基礎。
最晚在八萬年前左右的尼安德塔人已經開始安葬死者,並擁有靈魂的意識及信仰前,人類已有巫術儀式
交感巫術分為兩種,一種是遵循同類相生原則由結果逆推得到原因的順勢巫術(英语:Homoeopathic magic),另一種則是舉凡曾經接觸過的兩種東西,以後即使分開了,也能夠互相影响,這叫做接觸巫術。
順勢巫術又稱模擬巫術,是基於相似律的巫術。
相似律是指,相似的結果來自相似的原因,相似的原因會造成相似的結果,這樣的巫術規律。
顺势巫术是模擬结果得到原因,模拟原因得到结果,这样操纵因果律的巫术。
像是在古代巫師通過模擬慶祝新生兒誕生的過程來幫助生產就是一種順勢巫術。
接觸巫術是基於接觸律的巫術。
接觸律又稱感染律,是指一度接觸的事物分離後依舊能互相影響的巫術規律。
接觸巫術是用曾發生過接觸的物品去干涉另外的事物的巫術。
因此施術於腳印、衣物,這些腳印、衣物能與人體互相感應,從而影響受害者,這就屬於是接觸巫術。
作為古老巫術儀式的使用者,巫師可大致分為女巫和男巫。
'At this day', wrote Reginald Scot in 1584, 'it is indifferent to say in the English tongue, "she is a witch" or "she is a wise woman".' Nevertheless, it is possible to isolate that kind of 'witchcraft' which involved the employment (or presumed employment) of some occult means of doing harm to other people in a way which was generally disapproved of. In this sense the belief in witchcraft can be defined as the attribution of misfortune to occult human agency. A witch was a person of either sex (but more often female) who could mysteriously injure other people.
What is a witch? The standard scholarly definition of one was summed up in 1978 by a leading expert in the anthropology of religion, Rodney Needham, as 'someone who causes harm to others by mystical means'. In stating this, he was self-consciously not providing a personal view of the matter, but summing up an established scholarly consensus [...] When the only historian of the European trials to set them systematically in a global context in recent years, Wolfgang Behringer, undertook his task, he termed witchcraft 'a generic term for all kinds of evil magic and sorcery, as perceived by contemporaries'. Again, in doing so he was self-consciously perpetuating a scholarly norm. That usage has persisted till the present among anthropologists and historians...
Año 2014Años 2011 • 2012 • 2013 ← 2014 → 2015 • 2016 • 2017Decenios Años 1980 • Años 1990 • Años 2000 ← Años 2010 → Años 2020 • Años 2030 • Años 2040Siglos Siglo XX ← Siglo XXI → Siglo XXIITabla anual del siglo XXI Ir al año actualNoticias por mes Ene. • Feb. • Mar. • Abr. • May. • Jun. • Jul. • Ago. • Sep. • Oct. • Nov. • Dic.Artes Música • Cine • TelevisiónCienciasCategorías Categoría principalNacimientos
Comic book series For heroes in comics, see Superhero and Hero (disambiguation). For comics associated with American TV show Heroes, see List of Heroes graphic novels. HeroesPublication informationPublisherDC ComicsPublication dateMay 1996Main character(s)StaticCreative teamCreated byMatt WayneChrisCross Heroes is a comic about the titular team of fictional superheroes, published by DC Comics and created by Matt Wayne and ChrisCross. Publication history It was originally intended as a replacemen…
У этого топонима есть и другие значения, см. Зобово. ДеревняЗобово 61°00′39″ с. ш. 38°24′52″ в. д.HGЯO Страна Россия Субъект Федерации Архангельская область Муниципальный район Каргопольский Сельское поселение Ухотское История и география Часовой пояс UTC+3:00 Населе…
この記事は検証可能な参考文献や出典が全く示されていないか、不十分です。出典を追加して記事の信頼性向上にご協力ください。(このテンプレートの使い方)出典検索?: ウォータクティクス – ニュース · 書籍 · スカラー · CiNii · J-STAGE · NDL · dlib.jp · ジャパンサーチ · TWL(2015年5月)ウォータクティクス 2009年2月14日 京都競…
1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363737373737 Bản đồ các vườn quốc gia tại Ukraina. Vườn quốc gia - Khu bảo tồn tại Ukraina - là một phần của các Quỹ dự phòng thiên nhiên Ukraina. Khách du lịch có thể tới thăm miễn phí. Năm 2011, có 40 vườn quốc gia với tổng diện tích 10.000 km ² (1,8 % diện tích lãnh thổ), nằm trong 12 trong số 24 tỉnh, thành phố, cộng hòa tự trị Krym. N…
Canadian sailboat C&C Custom 67C&C Custom 67 ArchangelDevelopmentDesignerRobert W. Ball, C&C YachtsLocationCanadaYear1980No. built1Builder(s)C&C Yachts Custom DivisionRoleWorld cruising yachtNameC&C Custom 67BoatDisplacement98,700 lb (44,770 kg)Draft10.5 ft (3.2 m)[1]Air draft78.5 ft (23.9 m)[2]HullTypeMonohullConstructionFiberglassLOA73.00 ft (22.25 m)LOH67.00 ft (20.42 m)LWL58.00 ft (17.68 m)Beam18.…
Fernando Buenaventura Príncipe Kinsky de Wchinitz y Tettau Fernando Buenaventura Kinsky, por Emil Rabending.Información personalNombre completo Ferdinand Bonaventura Christian Josef Hieronymus Rudolf RafaelNacimiento 22 de octubre de 1834Viena, Imperio austriacoFallecimiento 2 de enero de 1904Hermanmiestetz, Reino de BohemiaFamiliaDinastía KinskyPadre Rodolfo Kinsky de Wchinitz y TettauMadre Guillermina de Colloredo-MansfeldConsorte María de Liechtenstein[editar datos en Wikidata] …
← 2012 2020 → Eleição municipal de Bento Gonçalves em 2016 2 de outubro de 2016 Candidato Guilherme Pasin César Gabardo Partido PP PMDB Vice Aido Bertuol Alcindo Gabrielli Votos 44 129 11 624 Porcentagem 65,62% 17,29% Candidato Neilene Lunelli Evandro Speranza Partido PT PDT Vice Paulo Wunsch Manoel Nobre Votos 8 266 3 230 Porcentagem 12,29% 4,8% Prefeito de Bento Gonçalves Titular Guilherme Pasin PP Eleito Guilherme Pasin PP A eleição municipal da cidad…
2012年ロンドンオリンピックの陸上競技 日程 2012年8月3日 - 8月12日競技場 オリンピック・スタジアム参加選手 2231人 (男子 : 1160人 / 女子 : 1071人)種目数 47 (男子 : 24 / 女子 : 23)新記録 世界新 : 4五輪新 : 7サイト IAAF← 2008 2016 → 2012年ロンドンオリンピックの陸上競技(2012ねんロンドンオリンピックのりくじょうきょうぎ)は、2012年(平成24年)8月3…
Марін Больєфр. Marine Bolliet Загальна інформаціяНаціональність француженкаГромадянство ФранціяМісце проживання Ла-Мотт-ан-БожНародження 14 січня 1988(1988-01-14) (35 років)ШамберіЗріст 163 смВага 52 кгAlma mater Savoy Mont Blanc UniversitydСпортКраїна ФранціяВид спорту біатлон Участь і здобутки М…
Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.Cari sumber: Vereniging van Spoor-en Tramwegpersoneel – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR VSTP atau Vereniging van Spoor-en Tramwegpersoneel adalah serikat buruh kereta api dan trem pertama, berdiri pada…
British electric multiple unit train British Rail Class 322Greater Anglia Class 322 at London Liverpool Street in April 2021Refurbished Northern Rail interiorIn service1990 – August 2022[1]ManufacturerBritish Rail Engineering LimitedBuilt atHolgate Road Works, YorkFamily nameBR Second Generation (Mark 3)ReplacedClass 305Constructed1990Refurbished2005–2007 (at Hunslet-Barclay, Kilmarnock)Scrapped2022Number built5[2]Number scrapped5SuccessorClass 331 (Northern)Class 720 (Greate…
Bandaraya Alor Setar الور ستار அலோர் ஸ்டார்Julukan: AS, Bandaraya BertamadunNegaraMalaysiaNegeriKedahPembentukan1502Taraf Bandar Raya21 Disember 2003Pemerintahan • Datuk bandarDato’ Haji Khazali bin Haji DinLuas • Kota666 km2 (257 sq mi)Populasi (2009)[1] • Kota300.000 • Kepadatan1.358,55/km2 (351,860/sq mi) • Metropolitan0,6 jutaZona waktuUTC+8 (MST)Situs webhttp://w…
Đường cao tốcThành phố Hồ Chí Minh – Long Thành – Dầu Giây Bảng kí hiệu đường cao tốc Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh – Long Thành – Dầu GiâyĐường cao tốc Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh – Long Thành – Dầu Giây đoạn qua cầu Long ThànhThông tin tuyến đườngChiều dài55,7 kmTồn tại8 tháng 2 năm 2015(8 năm, 9 tháng và 4 tuần)Một đoạncủa đường thuộc (đoạn Long Thành – Lộ 25) (đoạn Lộ 25 –…
Memorial by Hans Schuler in Washington, D.C., U.S. See also: James Buchanan This article uses bare URLs, which are uninformative and vulnerable to link rot. Please consider converting them to full citations to ensure the article remains verifiable and maintains a consistent citation style. Several templates and tools are available to assist in formatting, such as reFill (documentation) and Citation bot (documentation). (August 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) James Buch…
Mallatang Alfred TambunanAnggota Dewan Perwakilan RakyatMasa jabatan1 Oktober 1997 – 1 Oktober 1999PresidenSoehartoB.J. HabibieGrup parlemenFraksi GolkarDaerah pemilihanSumatera UtaraMasa jabatan1 Oktober 1987 – 1 Mei 1994PresidenSoehartoPenggantiBonard MaruhumGrup parlemenFraksi ABRI Informasi pribadiLahir(1936-09-15)15 September 1936Muara, Tapanuli Utara, Hindia BelandaMeninggal20 Juli 2002(2002-07-20) (umur 65)Partai politikGolkarKarier militerPihak IndonesiaDi…
2014 studio album by Team BSTeam BSStudio album by Team BSReleased24 February 2014GenreRap, R&BLabelBanlieue Sale Music, S-KalSingles from Team BS Team BSReleased: November 2013 Case départReleased: January 2014 Team BS is the debut title album of the French hip hop collective Team BS established in 2013 by La Fouine, and that includes in addition to him, Fababy, Sultan and vocalist Sindy, the latter from the French television series Popstars where la Fouine was one of the judges.…
Seleção Argentina de Hóquei sobre a Grama Masculino Confederação Confederación Argentina de Hockey Região Federação Pan-Americana de Hóquei Código FIH ARG Jogos Olímpicos Ouro Rio de Janeiro 2016 Equipe Campeonatos Mundiais Bronze The Hague 2014 Equipe A Seleção Argentina de Hóquei Sobre a Grama Masculino é a equipe nacional que representa a Argentina em competições internacionais de hóquei sobre a grama. A seleção é gerenciada pela Confederación Argentina de Hockey.…
Медаль «За спасение погибавших» Страна Россия Тип медаль Кем вручается президент России Основания награждения за спасение людей Статус вручается Статистика Параметры серебро, диаметр — 32 мм, ширина ленты — 24 мм Дата учреждения 2 марта 1994 года Первое награжд…
Television channel by UKTV Television channel BlightyThe final logo, used from 17 February 2009 until 8 July 2013CountryUnited KingdomBroadcast areaUnited KingdomIrelandProgrammingPicture format16:9, 576i (SDTV)Timeshift serviceUKTV People +1 (2005-2006)OwnershipOwnerUKTV(BBC Worldwide/Scripps Networks Interactive)Sister channelsAlibiDaveEdenGoldGood FoodHomeReallyWatchYesterdayHistoryLaunched8 March 2004ReplacedUK HorizonsClosed5 July 2013Replaced byDramaFormer namesUKTV People (2004–2009)Lin…
Lokasi Pengunjung: 3.147.77.250