奧鮑·薩穆埃爾

匈牙利編年史中的奧鮑·薩穆埃爾畫像

奧鮑·薩穆埃爾匈牙利語Aba Sámuel,990年10月15日—1044年7月5日),阿爾帕德王朝匈牙利國王(1041年-1044年在位)。奧鮑·薩穆埃爾為匈牙利第一任國王伊什特萬一世的外甥或他的妹夫,出身於馬特勞山一個顯赫的貴族。

生平

奧鮑·薩穆埃爾因為是國王伊什特萬一世的外甥或他的妹夫,所以在伊什特萬一世在位期間是其主要官員。據說奧鮑烏伊瓦爾也是以他的姓名而命名的,他可能是當地的首位伯爵。他既是皇室會議的成員及首任匈牙利宮相。

伊什特萬一世於1038年8月15日逝世,其外甥奧爾塞奧羅·彼得繼承王位。匈牙利編年史敘述奧爾塞奧羅·彼得重用德意志人及意大利人臣子,並冷落本地的領主,包括奧鮑·薩穆埃爾,這使他並不受他的臣民歡迎。1041年,不滿彼得一世的匈牙利貴族發動政變推翻彼得和選出的奧鮑·薩穆埃爾為國王。

奧鮑·薩穆埃爾取消了奧爾塞奧羅·彼得在位時實行的所有法律,並有殺害或折磨許多彼得的支持者。當時的歷史學家賴歇瑙的赫爾曼在自己的編年史中甚至稱奧鮑·薩穆埃爾為“匈牙利的暴君”匈牙利編年史嚴厲批評奧鮑·薩穆埃爾只看顧農民階層而忽視貴族。奧鮑·薩穆埃爾甚至取消一些對平民徵收的稅項。

彼得首先逃亡至奧地利尋求他的妹夫奧地利藩侯阿達爾伯特保護他。其後,他尋求皇帝亨利三世的幫助以推翻奧鮑·薩穆埃爾。1042年2月,奧鮑·薩穆埃爾入侵奧地利,但阿達爾伯特擊潰他的軍隊。1042年初,亨利三世開始了他對匈牙利的第一次遠征,他的軍隊推進至多瑙河以北直至斯洛伐克赫龍河。皇帝計劃為彼得復位,但遭到當地人的強烈反對。因此,皇帝任命為匈牙利王族的另一個成員管理那些領土。1044年初夏,亨利三世再次回到匈牙利,很多匈牙利貴族加入皇帝的軍隊。兩軍在焦爾附近打了一場決定性的戰役,結果奧鮑·薩穆埃爾的軍隊被打敗,雖然奧鮑·薩穆埃爾逃離戰場,但是仍然給彼得的支持者擒獲被殺死。但是一些14世紀的匈牙利編年史描寫他逃到了蒂薩河在那裡,他被當地人扣押和並被殺害。一些後期的資料來源認為奧鮑·薩穆埃爾原先被埋葬在附近的教堂,但後來被轉移到他的家族修道院中。

奧鮑·薩穆埃爾
出生于:990年以前或約1009年逝世於:1044年7月5日
統治者頭銜
前任者:
奧爾塞奧羅·彼得
匈牙利國王
1041年–1044年
繼任者:
奧爾塞奧羅·彼得

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