夢幻湖 (臺北市)

25°10′01″N 121°33′36″E / 25.16694°N 121.56000°E / 25.16694; 121.56000

夢幻湖
夢幻湖
湖泊类型堰塞湖
所在国家 中華民國
表面积0.3公頃
平均深度1公尺以下
表面海拔870公尺
位置
地图
2016年東亞寒流期間降雪的夢幻湖

夢幻湖是位於臺灣臺北市北投區的一個天然湖泊海拔標高870公尺,面積0.3公頃,深度不及1公尺[1],主要的水源為雨水

遊客可由陽金公路旁之夢幻湖停車場往上方步道而行,至夢幻湖觀景臺後下坡即抵達,或由童軍苗圃營地登山口進入七星公園,沿公園旁步道即可抵達。目前屬陽明山國家公園管理處所管轄,土地使用分區屬生態保護區。

生態

枯水期露出的整片黃綠色台灣水韭

讓它聲名大噪的是來自於它的稀有水生蕨類台灣水韭。台灣水韭為台灣的特有種,並且只生存在夢幻湖當中,是極為稀有、瀕臨絕種的保育類植物,是張惠珠徐國士於1971年首度在此地所發現,而在湖中及湖邊也可常發現水毛花針藺荸薺燈心草小莕菜水生植物。而同為台灣特有種的面天樹蛙也常會造訪此地。而擅長於耐旱,總可以在泥沼地區發現到的肉食性魚類:七星鱧,也是少數能在此處生活的魚類之一。

地質環境

地名由來

雲霧裊繞下的夢幻湖

位於七星山山腰下方,受地形阻隔的關係,冬季時在東北季風的吹拂下,不時雲霧裊繞,因此而得名。

形成

夢幻湖的形成年代約為距今6200年前,而湖中的台灣水韭也在夢幻湖形成之初就已經出現[2]。根據專家的調查發現,夢幻湖應該不是火山堰塞湖火山口湖,而是邊坡發生崩塌作用所導致的堰塞湖。在現今夢幻湖南端的上邊坡,曾經發生土石崩塌,崩落的土石堵塞了狹窄的山谷,圍堵形成了窪地,並逐漸蓄水成湖,夢幻湖面因此產生。

轉變

夢幻湖平時水位湖面很低

現在的夢幻湖正處於湖泊演化階段後期的沼澤泥炭沉積時期。如果將來一直維持夢幻湖形成至今的平均淤積速率(約一公釐/年),那麼沉積底泥高過圍繞湖區的土堤最低處(湖區南方,約有1.5公尺)的時間,約在1500年後。換言之,夢幻湖的壽命大約還有1500年[3]。而後受到火山作用產物——氣的影響,夢幻湖湖水的pH值台灣地區所有湖泊、水庫中最低的,最低曾達到4.5的記錄;而湖底堆積富含有機質的黑色泥炭,其pH值也達3.8。夢幻湖是一處相當酸性的湖泊[1],而每每夏季時也常出現乾涸的狀態,只有在冬天時,湖面的水位才會看起來比平時高出許多。

相關條目

參考書目

備註

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 中山大學海洋地質所,陳鎮東教授、王冰潔研究員,1997年
  2. ^ 陳淑華、楊天南、黃淑玉、蕭錦隆、汪良奇、楊富鈞、江以歆、陳湘鈞. 陽明山國家公園古氣候之調查 (PDF). 陽明山國家公園委託研究報告: 9. 2001 [2015-08-19]. (原始内容 (pdf)存档于2022-04-20). 
  3. ^ 台灣大學地質系劉聰桂教授,1990年

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