埃希氏菌屬病毒HK97

此條目介紹的是噬菌体。关于其他用法，请见「香港97」。
埃希氏菌屬病毒HK97
由穿透式電子顯微鏡（TEM）拍摄的埃希氏菌屬病毒HK97，放大倍数为300000x。
病毒分類 编辑
（未分级）： 病毒 Virus
域： 雙鏈DNA病毒域 Duplodnaviria
界： 香港病毒界 Heunggongvirae
门： 尾噬菌體門 Uroviricota
纲： 有尾噬菌體綱 Caudoviricetes
目： 有尾噬菌体目 Caudovirales
科： 長尾噬菌體科 Siphoviridae
属： 享德里克斯噬菌體屬 Hendrixvirus
种：
埃希氏菌屬病毒HK97 Escherichia virus HK97

埃希氏菌屬病毒HK97（学名：Escherichia virus HK97，或称噬菌体HK97或HK97），是一種噬菌体。它們的宿主是埃希氏菌屬的細菌[1]，主要感染大腸桿菌及其親屬。因此，該病毒被歸類為噬菌体。首字母縮寫「HK」代表香港，這是首次分離出這些病毒的地方。與λ噬菌體一樣，HK97具有雙鏈DNA基因組。[2]

成熟過程

HK97的病毒顆粒具有頭及尾的結構：頭（衣殼）容納遺傳物質，此處為雙鏈DNA。與細菌宿主細胞對接後，將遺傳物質通過尾巴注入宿主。詳細過程如下：

HK97的衣殼蛋白gp5在成熟過程中交聯形成鎖子甲狀結構。[3]噬菌體在衣殼中的DNA包裝過程中經歷了一個成熟過程，在此過程中它膨脹了近5纳米，其幾何形狀從球形對稱變為二十面體對稱。

HK97病毒顆粒的組裝始於衣殼蛋白gp5的自我組織，以形成五聚體和六聚體。蛋白酶gp4在其N端裂解gp5。HK97附着隨後積累的所謂門戶蛋白gp3會導致構象改變，從而導致頭或前衣殼結構（尚未充滿遺傳物質的衣殼頭）的形成。進一步的構象改變和gp5單體的聚合導致衣殼進一步成熟，並最終導致噬菌體頭的形成。[4]與大多數其他具有首尾結構的病毒相反，衣殼組裝不需要支架蛋白。[5]然而研究表明，HK97分解主要衣殼蛋白或其部分的δ结构域对组成至为重要。[6]

排除超級感染

「排除超級感染」（SIE）[7]是一種現象，在競爭情況下，現有初始感染的病毒感染會阻止相同或緊密相關的病毒繼發感染。但是在許多情況下，人們對其表型了解仍然很少。它可以反映感染細胞的一種抗病毒狀態[8][9]。

許多編碼蛋白達到噬菌體的SIE。這些病毒蛋白可以乾擾DNA釋放到宿主細胞質中或修飾進入受體。它們還可以作為病毒肽聚醣降解酶的抑制劑，噬菌體通過這些酶在細菌細胞壁上穿孔，從而阻止了其他新近到達的噬菌體進入。HK97及其SIE蛋白gp15屬於這一類噬菌體[8]。

系統

由於形態相似性，該組HK97噬菌體先前被歸類為λ噬菌體。根據遺傳分析，同時將該組提升為一個獨立屬。[2][10][11]。

参考资料

  1. ^ ICTV: ICTV Taxonomy history: Enterobacteria phage T4 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, EC 51, Berlin, Germany, July 2019; Email ratification March 2020 (MSL #35)
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 ICTV: ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） MSL #34v
  3. ^ Helgstrand, Charlotte; Wikoff, William R; Duda, Robert L; Hendrix, Roger W; Johnson, John E; Liljas, Lars. The Refined Structure of a Protein Catenane: The HK97 Bacteriophage Capsid at 3.44Å Resolution. Journal of Molecular Biology. 1 December 2003, 334 (5): 885–899. PMID 14643655. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2003.09.035. 
  4. ^ Hendrix, RW; Johnson, JE. Bacteriophage HK97 capsid assembly and maturation.. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 2012, 726: 351–63. ISBN 978-1-4614-0979-3. PMID 22297521. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-0980-9_15. 
  5. ^ Genetic basis of bacteriophage HK97 prohead assembly. J. Mol. Biol. 1995, 247 (4): 636–47. PMID 7723020. doi:10.1006/jmbi.1994.0169. 
  6. ^ The delta domain of the HK97 major capsid protein is essential for assembly. Virology. 2014,. 456-457: 171–8. PMC 4044616 可免费查阅. PMID 24889236. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2014.03.022. 
  7. ^ Knut J. Heller, Horst Neve: Superinfection exclusion und DNA-Injektion bei Siphoviridae-Phagen （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Biospektrum Heft 1 (2014), S. 26–29
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 SIB: Superinfection exclusion （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, auf: ExPASy ViralZone
  9. ^ Vergleiche auch Influenza-A- und Rhinoviren: Nadja Podbregar: Grippe schützt vor Erkältung – Forscher weisen erstmals Wechselwirkung zweier viraler Krankheitserreger nach （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, auf: scinexx.de vom 17. Dezember 2019
  10. ^ NCBI: Hendrixvirus (genus)
  11. ^ NCBI: unclassified Hendrixvirus

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