嘉南平原

嘉南平原
嘉南平原一隅;在西南部到處可見綠色稻田,是台灣最主要的農業產區,譽有「穀倉」之稱
嘉南平原一隅;在西南部到處可見綠色稻田,是台灣最主要的農業產區,譽有「穀倉」之稱
位置臺灣島西南部
地质沖積平原
面积
 • 总计4,550 km2(1,760 sq mi)
尺寸
 • 长度110 km(68 mi)
 • 宽度71 km(44 mi)

嘉南平原是位於臺灣島西南部的平原,也是台灣最大的平原,其範圍包括彰化縣雲嘉南高雄市的二都一市三縣,總面積約4,550平方公里。

地理

 嘉南平原; 濁水溪沖積平原

嘉南平原是台灣島面積最大的平原,位於台灣島的西南部,地勢東高西低,北接臺中盆地,西起西部海濱,東止於阿里山山脈山麓及高屏溪西岸接壤屏東平原,東西寬約71公里,南北長約110公里,面積約4,550平方公里[1]。雖然名為「嘉南」,但事實上涵蓋彰化縣雲林縣嘉義縣嘉義市台南市高雄市行政區,係由濁水溪北港溪八掌溪急水溪曾文溪鹽水溪二仁溪等溪所沖積而成的平原,為台灣最主要的農業產區。

嘉南平原東邊的山區是阿里山山脈,山麓丘陵曾文溪切斷,分成北邊的嘉義丘陵,及南邊的新化丘陵

嘉南平原特色是少雨(夏雨冬乾)、日照長,早期為倚賴天候決定收成的「看天田」,土地生產力僅北宜、中彰之一半[2],沿海地區更有鹽分高的問題。直到1930年嘉南大圳完工起大幅改善供水系統,始得「穀倉」之美稱。其後政府投注多年水力建設,今臺南市一地即建有七處水庫水資源豐富。

另外由於氣候因素,故有其他地理區少見的甘蔗鹽田。尤其甘蔗是昔日台灣外銷的主力,配合昔日兼辦客運的糖業鐵路,構成平原鄉村的特色。

氣候

嘉南平原屬於副熱帶季風氣候熱帶季風氣候,夏季多降水,全年温暖。

歷史

嘉南平原在西元前5000出現,有多個考古遺址,包括大湖文化英语Tahu culture蔦松文化[3] 。在漢族移民移民至臺灣島前,這裡是臺灣原住民巴布薩族洪雅族西拉雅族馬卡道族鄒族生活的地區。漢族移民始於荷治時期,在清領時期大量移民,多數來自福建泉州漳州廣東潮州。 進入日治時期後,日本殖民政府建有縱貫鐵路嘉南大圳和糖廠。臺灣光復後,先後有中山高速公路(國道一號)、福爾摩沙高速公路(國道三號)和台灣高鐵的建設。

嘉南平原為臺灣最早開發之處,但由於幅員甚大,跨越數過縣市,各地發展也相差甚多。例如雲林縣嘉義縣等農業縣都是人口嚴重外流區。2010年縣市合併之後,臺南市成為與高雄市一樣,市中心人口超過百萬的直轄市

相關條目

參考文獻

  1. ^ 農田水利會聯合會編. 嘉南大圳與八田與一. 臺北市: 行政院農業委員會. 2005: 16. ISBN 986-00-0993-7. 
  2. ^ 《臺灣地租等則修正事業成績報告書》
  3. ^ Chen, Yu-gao. Sea-level change and neotectonics in the southern part of Taiwan region since the late Pleistocene. National Taiwan University: 158. 1993 (中文). 

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