厚肋龙属

厚肋龙属
化石时期:中侏罗世
彼得伯勒博物馆英语Peterborough Museum and Art Gallery的正模标本化石
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 爬行綱 Reptilia
目: 蛇頸龍目 Plesiosauria
演化支 新蛇頸龍類 Neoplesiosauria
亚目: 上龙亚目 Pliosauroidea
属: 厚肋龙属 Pachycostasaurus
Cruickshank et al., 1997
模式種
道氏厚肋龙
Pachycostasaurus dawni

Cruickshank et al., 1997

厚肋龙学名Pachycostasaurus,意为“厚肋骨的蜥蜴”)是上龙亚目灭绝的一个属,化石发现于英格兰彼得伯勒牛津黏土组

发现与命名

厚肋龙正模标本化石发现由业余地质学家兼博物馆志愿者艾伦·道恩(Alan Dawn)在彼得伯勒的一座采石场内发现,并由古生物学家亚瑟·科瑞克尚克(Arthur Cruickshank)、大卫·马提尔(David Martill)和莱斯列·诺埃(Leslie Noè)于1997年描述。该化石有着滑齿龙扁鼻强龙所不具备的一系列独特特征。[1]

描述

模式种道氏厚肋龙基于一件长约3米(9.8英尺)的近完整标本(PETMG R338)。[1]

复原图

该属最明显的特征,可能是大而肥厚的肋骨以及被描述为轮廓呈“香肠形”的腹肋骨。上龙科的很多属(如蒙基拉龙英语Monquirasaurus)及某些现存动物(如儒艮海牛)均存在骨肥厚英语pachyostosis。厚肋龙粗壮的桶形躯干,加上较短颈部及较小鳍状肢,表明其并非一种敏捷的游泳者。[1]从这些材料中取下的骨组织切片显示其亦存在骨硬化英语osteosclerosis(两种特征组合为骨肥厚硬化英语pachyosteosclerosis)。

正模标本下颌骨联合英语mandibular symphysis有5对粗壮的锥形齿(与同时期其它上龙科扁鼻强龙滑齿龙相比,其长度是该属的明显特征)。头部约占身体全长20%,是当时大多数上龙科的典型特征。标本颈椎数至少为13节,颈椎具有短小椎体及较大神经管,除神经棘区域外无重度骨化(神经棘本身未与椎体融合,表明该标本生长不完全,也可能为幼态延续特征。[2])标本胸椎椎体轮廓呈三角形,背椎椎体严重骨化,中下孔模糊、前后面平坦。背椎关节突英语articular process缩少,但神经棘增厚,中线前后有空腔。这是该属的另一个主要特征。厚肋龙肱骨很短、与体型相比较小、结构轻盈。[1]

正模标本前视图

有人认为,尽管正模标本个体貌似为幼体亚成体,其年龄可能并非这些不寻常骨结构的唯一原因。[3]

古生物学

从解剖结构来看,厚肋龙很可能是种底栖掠食者。牙齿大小及形状表明,其捕食从柔软的乌贼目(如箭石)到硬骨鱼等动物,可能还吃一些较大的爬虫类。厚肋龙拥有结构轻盈的颅骨、短而弱的颌骨联合及腹中用于稳定自身、抵抗猎物翻滚的胃石。故厚肋龙是否和同时期其它上龙科一样扭转身体进食仍存在疑问。[1]

该动物在地层中的化石稀缺,可能表明厚肋龙是漂移而来的英语river ecosystem。采石场的恐龙遗骸疑似是被淡水冲入海洋盆地,表明厚肋龙可能是种栖息于淡水河口的生物,通过河流漂流到海洋环境中。然而该地层更多沿海和准海洋沉积物尚未出土任何蛇颈龙遗骸。另一种可能不太可能的解释是,厚肋龙是来自更远海域的深海动物,在石化之前漂流或迁移至浅海区域。[1]

参见

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 A. R. I. Cruickshank, D. M. Martill, and L. F. Noe. 1996. A pliosaur (Reptilia, Sauropterygia) exhibiting pachyostosis from the Middle Jurassic of England. Journal of the Geological Society of London 153:873-879
  2. ^ Araujo, Ricardo. (2015). New aristonectine elasmosaurid plesiosaur specimens from the Early Maastrichtian of Angola and comments on paedomorphism in plesiosaurs. Geologie en Mijnbouw. FirstView. 10.1017/njg.2014.43.
  3. ^ Street, Hallie P. "A study of the morphology of Tatenectes laramiensis, a cryptocleidoid plesiosaur from the Sundance Formation (Wyoming, USA)." (2009).

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