卡巴迪

卡巴迪
சடுகுடு
Kabaddi
2018年亚洲运动会卡巴迪比賽
最高管理机构國際卡巴迪聯盟（英语：International Kabaddi Federation）
昵称Sadugudu、Kaudi、Pakaada、Ha-du-du、Bhavatik、Saadukuda、Hu-Tu-Tu、Himoshika
特征
是否身体接触接觸性運動（英语：Contact sport）
隊员每隊七人
分類團隊運動、接觸性運動（英语：Contact sport）
器材無
比賽場地卡巴迪場
存在
國家或地區亚洲印度次大陸
奧運示范项目：1936年夏季奥林匹克运动会

卡巴迪（坦米爾語：சடுகுடு；英語：Kabaddi），屬於接觸性運動（英语：Contact sport）。球局由兩隊七人進行。讓進攻隊一名隊員（稱為「進攻方」）在一定的時間內，突入防守隊半場內，觸及防守隊員，再不被防守方抓住跑回進攻隊的半場。若進攻方有觸及防守隊員，進攻方得分，若防守方抓住進攻方，防守方得分，被抓者離場。

卡巴迪在印度次大陸及周圍亞洲國家受歡迎。在印度历史中就有卡巴迪的記載，但在20世紀才開始流行，成為競技式的運動。卡巴迪是孟加拉国的國技[1][2]。也是印度許多邦的指定運動（state game），例如安得拉邦、比哈尔邦、哈里亚纳邦、卡纳塔克邦、喀拉拉邦、马哈拉施特拉邦、奥里萨邦、旁遮普邦、泰米尔纳德邦、特伦甘纳邦和北方邦[3]。

卡巴迪可分為二種：所謂的旁遮普卡巴迪（英语：Punjabi kabaddi），也稱為圓形卡巴迪，是在戶外圓形場地上進行的卡巴迪。另一種是標準卡巴迪，在室內長方形的場地上進行，也是大型職業聯盟以及國際競賽（例如亞運）中進行的卡巴迪運動。

這種遊戲在印度次大陸的不同地區有眾多不同的名稱，例如：安得拉邦和特倫甘納邦的kabaddi或chedugudu；馬哈拉施特拉邦、卡納塔克邦和喀拉拉邦的卡巴迪；西孟加拉邦和孟加拉國的kabaddi、komonti、ha-du-du；馬爾代夫的bhavatik，旁遮普地區的kauddi或kabaddi；印度西部的hu-tu-tu、印度東部的hu-do-do；南印度的chadakudu；尼泊爾的kapardi ；泰米爾納德邦的kabadi或sadugudu；斯里蘭卡的chakgudu。[4]

歷史

Kabaddi是一項以Jallikattu（英语：Jallikattu）為中心發展的運動。這在居住在古代泰米爾納德邦Mullai（英语：Sangam landscape）區域的Ayar（英语：Ahir）部落常見。[5]

現代卡巴迪綜合了印度次大陸不同名稱以各種形式進行的類卡巴迪遊戲。[6]。後來引入1938年印度全國運動會（英语：National Games of India），1950年成立全印度卡巴迪聯盟（All-India Kabaddi Federation）。[6]它被當作新德里1951年亚洲运动会示范项目，有助於正式化這項傳統，進行國際比賽。[7][8][1]

在德里1982年亚洲运动会再次列入後，卡巴迪從1990年開始正式列入亞運會項目。[9]

標準樣式

在國際隊版本的卡巴迪，兩隊各7名成員[6]5名替補[6]，男子隊用10乘13米（33乘43英尺）的場[6]，女子隊用8乘12米（26乘39英尺）的場[6]。比賽20分鐘半場5分鐘半場休息。[6]

國際比賽

以下比賽以標準格式進行，對於圓形卡巴迪，請參見旁遮普卡巴迪（英语：Punjabi Kabaddi）。

電影

  • Okkadu（英语：Okkadu）（泰盧固語；2003年）：卡巴迪選手試圖向其父母證明他可以在卡巴迪取得成功。這部電影隨後被翻拍四種印度語言。
  • Ghilli（英语：Ghilli）（泰米爾語；2004年）：卡巴迪選手試圖向父母證明他可以在卡巴迪取得成功。票房熱門。
  • Ajay（英语：Ajay (2006 film)）（卡納達語；2006 年）：卡巴迪選手試圖向他的父母證明他可以在卡巴迪取得成功。
  • 年度最佳學生2（英语：Student of the Year 2）（印地語；2019年）：玩卡巴迪的學生試圖成為年度最佳學生。
  • Panga（英语：Panga (film)）（印地語；2020年）：前卡巴迪世界冠軍在做了7年母親後嘗試復出。

動漫

參考資料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 A tale of kabaddi, Bangladesh’s national sport. Dhaka Tribune. [31 July 2017]. （原始内容存档于2020-12-05）. 
  2. ^ Faroqi, Gofran. Kabadi. Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. [2020-09-29]. （原始内容存档于2018-06-21）. 
  3. ^ siddharth. Kabaddi Introduction, Rules, Information, History & Competitions. Sportycious. 2016-12-31 [2020-01-28]. （原始内容存档于2020-08-14） （美国英语）. 
  4. ^ Kabaddi | Kabbadi Rules | How to play Kabbadi | Kabbadi Players | YoGems. 29 June 2020 [24 January 2021]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-12）. 
  5. ^ Kabaddi: Origins, History, And How It Became India's Fastest Growing Sport. www.casino.org. 2 December 2022 [2023-01-19]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-20） （英语）. 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 Jha, Tarkesh. Kabaddi: Origin, rules and the Pro Kabaddi League. Khel Now. [24 January 2021]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-12）. 
  7. ^ Sengupta, Debdatta. The kabaddi question - whose game is it anyway?. ESPN.com. 22 October 2016 [20 August 2018]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-12） （英语）. 
  8. ^ Sen, Ronojoy. Nation at Play: A History of Sport in India. Columbia University Press. 27 October 2015. ISBN 978-0-231-53993-7. 
  9. ^ Chaudhary, Amit. Kabaddi goes international. Daily Pioneer. 3 August 2014 [23 August 2018]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-12） （英语）. 
  10. ^ Sain, Vijay. Exciting news for Kabaddi fans! World Cup Kabaddi 2019 set to kick off from April 2019.. Sportskeeda. 19 November 2018 [13 May 2020]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-12）. 
  11. ^ Pro Kabaddi league viewership second only to IPL. The Hindu. 15 September 2014 [22 October 2016]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-21）. 
  12. ^ Khawaja, Jemayel. Simple, visceral, fun: why the ancient sport of kabaddi is enjoying a resurgence. The Guardian. 10 October 2016 [21 October 2016]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-21）. 
  13. ^ Rules of Kabaddi. International Kabaddi Federation (IKF). [26 August 2014]. （原始内容存档于4 March 2016）. 
  14. ^ Kabaddi World Cup 2016: A handy guide to the format, rules and how the sport works. Firstpost. 5 October 2016 [29 October 2017]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-13） （美国英语）. 
  15. ^ Sengupta, Debdatta. Kabaddi 101: Raid, defend, revive, repeat. ESPN.com. 27 July 2017 [29 October 2017]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-12）. 
  16. ^ Chandhok, Suhail. Everything you need to know about Kabaddi需要付费订阅. The Indian Express. 30 January 2016 [29 October 2017]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-12）. 
  17. ^ Poland wins European Kabaddi Championships. www.thefirstnews.com. [3 June 2021]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-12） （英语）. 

外部連結

维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：卡巴迪

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