卑南文化

卑南文化是台灣東部新石器時代中期至晚期的史前文化，存續時間約在3500前至2300年前[1]，並以臺東縣臺東市國定卑南考古遺址為命名及代表性遺址。

分布範圍

主要以臺東縣境之緩坡及臺地為分布區域，往北可延伸至花蓮縣馬太鞍溪以南之縱谷、秀姑巒溪以南之海岸區域[2]。遺址包含臺東縣卑南遺址、老番社遺址[3]、紅葉遺址[4]、鯉魚山遺址、上里遺址[5][6]、花蓮縣公埔遺址[7]、富世遺址[8]（其下層文化為卑南文化與麒麟文化的混合文化相）等。

文化內涵

卑南文化的遺址範圍較臺灣多數史前文化遺址為大，像卑南遺址廣義的範圍約可達100公頃（100萬平方公尺）[9][10]。遺址通常包含龐大的聚落，其建築物成排分佈，格局嚴謹，已經是頗具組織的社會結構[1]。在代表性遺址，卑南遺址所發現的文化內涵，生業型態以農業為主，斧鋤形器雖不多，但有大量的石刀，石鐮和去殼用的石杵，推測是種植小米和旱稻；此外狩獵工具的矛、鏃也很多，但漁具就相當缺乏。生活用具的陶器以夾砂素面紅陶為主，以雙把罐為典型。其多量出土的玉器製作技術精良、且造型多變，例如有玉矛、玉斧、玉鏃、玉錛、玉管、玉管珠、玉耳飾（人獸形、几形、方形、帶四突起等）[9]。數以千計的石板棺則成帶狀分布，而且與地上建築物的座向相同。棺內更有豐富又精美的陪葬玉器、陶器，可見當時人已有靈魂觀念，相信死後另有世界，並且有相沿成俗的喪葬儀禮[1][11]。

參考文獻

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 劉益昌. 卑南文化. 文化部臺灣大百科全書. 2009 [2023-05-25]. （原始内容存档于2023-05-25）. 
  2. ^ 卑南文化. twstudy.iis.sinica.edu.tw. [2023-09-28]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-28）. 
  3. ^ 考古探索─談老番社遺址近年之考古調查. beta.nmp.gov.tw. [2023-09-28]. （原始内容存档于2023-05-09）. 
  4. ^ 自由時報電子報. 台東紅葉山區發現史前遺址 專家建議試掘研究 - 生活 - 自由時報電子報. news.ltn.com.tw. 2017-04-25 [2023-09-28]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-28） （中文（臺灣））. 
  5. ^ 考古探索─記「考古速報」──舊香蘭遺址及上里遺址展示(下). beta.nmp.gov.tw. [2023-09-28]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-28）. 
  6. ^ 陳, 柏仰. 由臺東上里遺址石板棺資料探討卑南文化晚期至三和文化初期的社會轉變. 國立臺灣大學人類學研究所碩士論文. 2019. 
  7. ^ 花蓮縣文化局. 花蓮縣文化局. 花蓮縣文化局. 2023-09-28 [2023-09-28]. （原始内容存档于2020-03-25） （中文（臺灣））. 
  8. ^ 花蓮縣文化局. 花蓮縣文化局. 花蓮縣文化局. 2023-09-28 [2023-09-28]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-28） （中文（臺灣））. 
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 卑南考古遺址. 國家文化資產網. 文化部文化資產局. 
  10. ^ 李坤修. 卑南遺址的發掘與遺址範圍的認識. 2010 [2023-09-28]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-28）. 
  11. ^ 曾繁邦、許湘彩. 卑南文化. 臺灣史前文化雲. 國立臺灣史前文化博物館. 2009-09-09 [2023-05-25]. （原始内容存档于2023-05-25）. 

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