千禧年前论

千禧年前论(英語:Premillennialism)是終末論的理論之一,相信耶穌的肉身将要再临地上,开始祂千年国的统治。被称为“千禧年前论”,是因为它认为耶穌再临将会发生在千年国开始之前。与千禧年后论postmillennialism)或无千禧年论amillennialism)等其他終末論不同,前者认为耶穌再临将会发生在千年国开始之后,而后者认为千禧年只是象征性的。

千禧年前论主要基于对新约启示录20:1-6的字面解释,該段描述耶穌再临地上,在大灾难末期开始千年国的统治。千禧年前論者认为這是從舊約以來,将要应验给予神子民的应许。其他解釋如東正教則聲稱,啟示錄這段是描述基督統治天堂的現在,這樣的解釋認為啟示錄的象徵是指一個屬靈的爭戰,而不是在地上的物理戰鬥。无千禧年论者解釋千禧年為一段象徵性的時期,例如認為千禧年代表神對祂的創造或教會的統治,這與啟示錄本身啟示體裁的高象徵性一致。

历史上,千禧年前论也被称为chiliasmmillenarianism,神学术语“千禧年前论”直到19世纪中叶才被广泛使用,这时千禧年前论得到复兴,“几乎整个英国和美国的新教徒事业都受到这一信念的促进:法国大革命美国革命(特别是法国革命)应验了但以理书启示录中的预言”[1]。千禧年前論常被用來專指那些堅信將有基督在俗世千年統治的人們,包括認為千禧年前信徒會先被提(時代論,或者歷史性前千禧年論),或認為千禧年前的大災難後信徒才被提。例如千禧年後論,同意千禧年前論將有基督在地上的統治,但不同意千禧年前信徒被提和開始大災難的概念。千禧年後論者認為耶穌再臨將在千禧年後發生。

19世纪至今

从1790年到19世纪中叶,千禧年前论在英国福音派,甚至在圣公会内相当普遍。[2] 在19世纪,千禧年前论在美国和英国仍被广泛接受,特别是在欧文派英语Catholic Apostolic ChurchIrvingites[3]普利茅斯弟兄会耶和华见证人基督弟兄会 [4]召會基督复临安息日会[5]中。在20世纪和21世纪,千禧年前论在福音派、基要派、和Living Church of God[6]仍很普遍,并且扩展到亚洲非洲南美洲的教会。

四种基督教千禧年主义理论的对比:
1. 千禧年前论
2. 千禧年前论时代论
3. 千禧年后论
4. 无千禧年论

参考文献

  1. ^ Robert K. Whalen, “Premillennialism” in The Encyclopedia of Millennialism and Millennial Movements, Ed. Richard A. Landes (New York: Routledge, 2000), 331.
  2. ^ Quoted by Robert K. Whalen, “Premillennialism” in The Encyclopedia of Millennialism and Millennial Movements, Ed. Richard A. Landes (New York: Routledge, 2000), 331.
  3. ^ Rev. W.W. Andrews of the Catholic Apostolic Church in the 19th century wrote a statement of faith for the Irvingites saying, "In respect to eschatology, they hold, with the Church of the first three centuries, that the second coming of the Lord precedes and introduces the millennium; at the beginning of which the first resurrection takes place, and at the close the general resurrection..." Philip Schaff, Creeds of Christendom, with a History and Critical notes. Volume I: History of Creeds, [1]页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) 676.
  4. ^ Bible Basics Study 5.5 - The Millennium. [2009-07-09]. (原始内容存档于2009-04-03). 
  5. ^ “Millenarianism,” in The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, ed. F. L. Cross (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997), 1087.
  6. ^ Robert K. Whalen, “Dispensationalism” in The Encyclopedia of Millennialism and Millennial Movements, Ed. Richard A. Landes (New York: Routledge, 2000), 128.

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