公孙段

公孙段
郑卿
君主
子嗣丰施丰卷楚灵王夫人
谥号
政权春秋时期
父親子丰

公孙段(?—前535年),[1],名,字子石,又字伯石[2][3],谥[4],是子丰的儿子,郑穆公的孙子[5][6],郑国的卿。

赋诗享礼

前546年,郑简公在垂陇设享礼招待晋国中军将赵武子展伯有子西子产子太叔印段、公孙段跟从郑简公参与享礼。赵武说:“七位跟从着国君,这是赐给我光荣。请求诸位都赋诗以完成国君的恩赐,我也可以从这里看到七位的志向。”[7]公孙段赋了《桑扈》[註 1]。赵武说:“‘不骄不傲’,福禄还会跑到哪儿去?如果保守住这些话,即使想要不接受福禄,能行吗?”[8]享礼结束,赵武对叔向说:“伯有将要被杀了!其余的人都是可以传下几世的大夫。”[9]

诸侯之会

前544年六月,孟孝伯和晋国的荀盈,齐国的高止,宋国的华定,卫国的世叔仪,郑国的子太叔、公孙段,曹国人,莒国人,滕国人,薛国人,小邾国人为杞国筑城墙。[10][11]

受邑为卿

前543年,子产担任郑国为政,有事情要公孙段去办,就送给他城邑。子太叔问:“国家是属于大家的,为什么单独给他送东西?”子产答道:“要没有欲望确实是很难。满足了他的欲望,让他去办事情而取得成功。这不是我的成功,难道是别人的成功吗?对城邑有什么爱惜的,它又跑的到哪里去?”子太叔又问:“四方邻国将怎么看待我们?”子产说:“这样做不是为了互相违背,而是为了互相顺从,四方的邻国对我们有什么可责备的?《郑书》有这样的话:‘安定国家,一定要优先照顾大家族。’姑且先照顾大家族,再看它归向何处。”不久,公孙段因为恐惧而把封邑归还,最终子产还是把城邑给了他。伯有死了以后,郑简公太史去册命公孙段做卿,公孙段辞谢。太史退出,公孙段又请求太史重新发布命令,命令下来了再次辞谢,像这样一连三次,才接受策书入朝拜谢。子产因此讨厌公孙段的为人,但担心他作乱,就让他居于比自己低一级的地位。[12]

嫁女

前541年春,楚国的令尹公子围去郑国聘问,同时娶了公孙段的女儿为妻。[13]

薰隧之盟

前541年六月初九,由于公孙楚作乱的缘故,郑简公和大夫们在公孙段家里结盟。子皮子产、公孙段、印段子太叔驷带在闺门外边私下结盟,盟地就在薰隧。子晳硬要参加结盟,让太史写下他的名字,而且称为“七子”。子产并不加讨伐。[14]

有礼受州

前539年四月,郑简公前往晋国,公孙段作为相礼,十分恭敬谦卑,没有违背任何礼仪。晋平公称赞公孙段,把策书授予他,说:“子丰在晋国有过功劳,我听说了以后不会忘记。赐给你州县的土田,以报答你们过去的功勋。”公孙段再拜叩头,接受了策书而去,君子评价说:“礼仪,大约是人所急迫需要的吧!公孙段如此骄傲,一旦在晋国表现有礼,尚且承受了它的福禄,何况始终都有礼仪呢?《诗经》说,‘人没有礼仪,为什么不快点死’,说的就是这个吧!”[15] 丰氏原来去晋国的时候住在韩氏家里,公孙段得到州县,是韩起为了自己再次取得州县,在晋平公面前为公孙段请求的。[16]

死鬼事

前536年二月,有人梦见伯有披甲而行,说:“三月初二,我将要杀死驷带。明年正月二十七日,我又将要杀死公孙段。”到三月初二那一天,驷带死了,国人十分害怕。前535年正月二十七日,公孙段死了,国人就越来越恐惧了。下一月,子产立了公子嘉的儿子公孙洩和伯有的儿子良止做大夫,来安抚伯有的鬼魂,事情才停了下来。[17]

注释

  1. ^ 《春秋经传集解·襄公二十七年》:《桑扈》,《诗·小雅》。义取君子有礼文,故能受天之祜。

参考资料

  1. ^ 《春秋经传集解·昭公元年》:丰氏,公孙段。
  2. ^ 《春秋经传集解·襄公二十九年》:公孙段,伯石也。
  3. ^ 《春秋左传正义·襄公三十一年》:郑有公孙段字子石,又云伯石
  4. ^ 《春秋释例·卷四·世族谱》:子石,伯石,公孙段,景伯。
  5. ^ 《春秋左传正义·昭公元年》:此公孙段是穆公之孙,子丰之子。
  6. ^ 《春秋经传集解·昭公三年》:子丰,段之父。
  7. ^ 《左传·襄公二十七年》:郑伯享赵孟于垂陇,子展、伯有、子西、子产、子大叔、二子石从。赵孟曰:“七子从君,以宠武也。请皆赋以卒君贶,武亦以观七子之志。”
  8. ^ 《左传·襄公二十七年》:公孙段赋《桑扈》,赵孟曰:“‘匪交匪敖’,福将焉往?若保是言也,欲辞福禄,得乎?”
  9. ^ 《左传·襄公二十七年》:卒享。文子告叔向曰:“伯有将为戮矣!诗以言志,志诬其上,而公怨之,以为宾荣,其能久乎?幸而后亡。”叔向曰:“然。已侈!所谓不及五稔者,夫子之谓矣。”文子曰:“其余皆数世之主也。子展其后亡者也,在上不忘降。印氏其次也,乐而不荒。乐以安民,不淫以使之,后亡,不亦可乎?”
  10. ^ 《春秋·襄公二十九年》:仲孙羯会晋荀盈、齐高止、宋华定、卫世叔仪、郑公孙段、曹人、莒人、滕人、薛人、小邾人城杞。
  11. ^ 《左传··襄公二十九年》:六月,知悼子合诸侯之大夫以城杞,孟孝伯会之。郑子大叔与伯石往。
  12. ^ 《左传·襄公三十年》:子产为政,有事伯石,赂与之邑。子大叔曰:“国,皆其国也。奚独赂焉?”子产曰:“无欲实难。皆得其欲,以从其事,而要其成,非我有成,其在人乎?何爱于邑?邑将焉往?”子大叔曰:“若四国何?”子产曰:“非相违也,而相从也,四国何尤焉?《郑书》有之曰:‘安定国家,必大焉先。’姑先安大,以待其所归。”既,伯石惧而归邑,卒与之。伯有既死,使大史命伯石为卿,辞。大史退,则请命焉。复命之,又辞。如是三,乃受策入拜。子产是以恶其为人也,使次己位。
  13. ^ 《左传·昭公元年》:元年,春,楚公子围聘于郑,且娶於公孙段氏,伍举为介。
  14. ^ 《左传·昭公元年》:郑为游楚乱故,六月丁巳,郑伯及其大夫盟于公孙段氏,罕虎、公孙侨、公孙段、印段、游吉、驷带私盟于闺门之外,实薰隧。公孙黑强与于盟,使大史书其名,且曰七子。子产弗讨。
  15. ^ 《左传·昭公三年》:夏,四月,郑伯如晋,公孙段相,甚敬而卑,礼无违者。晋侯嘉焉,授之以策曰:“子丰有劳於晋国,余闻而弗忘。赐女州田,以胙乃旧勋。”伯石再拜稽首,受策以出。君子曰:“礼,其人之急也乎!伯石之汏也,一为礼於晋,犹荷其禄,况以礼终始乎?《诗》曰:‘人而无礼,胡不遄死?’其是之谓乎!”
  16. ^ 《左传·昭公三年》:丰氏故主韩氏,伯石之获州也,韩宣子为之请之,为其复取之之故。
  17. ^ 《左传·昭公七年》:郑人相惊以伯有,曰“伯有至矣”,则皆走,不知所往。铸刑书之岁二月,或梦伯有介而行,曰:“壬子,余将杀带也。明年壬寅,余又将杀段也。”及壬子,驷带卒,国人益惧。齐、燕平之月壬寅,公孙段卒。国人愈惧。其明月,子产立公孙洩及良止以抚之,乃止。子大叔问其故,子产曰:“鬼有所归,乃不为厉,吾为之归也。”大叔曰:“公孙洩何为?”子产曰:“说也。为身无义而图说,従政有所反之,以取媚也。不媚,不信。不信,民不从也。”

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