亚砷酸

亚砷酸
IUPAC名
Arsorous acid
识别
CAS号 13464-58-9  checkY
PubChem 545
ChemSpider 530
SMILES
 
  • O[As](O)O
InChI
 
  • 1/AsH3O3/c2-1(3)4/h2-4H
InChIKey GCPXMJHSNVMWNM-UHFFFAOYAA
ChEBI 49900
DrugBank DB04456
性质
化学式 H3AsO3
摩尔质量 125.94 g·mol⁻¹
外观 只存在于溶液中
危险性
主要危害 有毒，有腐蚀性
NFPA 704
0
4
0
COR
相关物质
相关化学品 砷酸
若非注明，所有数据均出自标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

亚砷酸是一种无机化合物，化学式为H3AsO3。它可由三氧化二砷溶于水制得，只能存在于水溶液中，还没有分离出纯酸，但这并不影响它的结构为As(OH)3。[1]

性质

亚砷酸為三角錐形的分子結構，有三個氢氧根和砷原子鍵結。亚砷酸水溶液的1H 核磁共振頻譜中只有單一的訊號，反映分子高度的對稱性[2]。相反的，含磷的化合物H3PO3中主要是以HPO(OH)2的結構存在，水溶液中P(OH)3只佔很少的比例。含砷和含磷化合物的差異反映出同一族的主族主素中，較輕的元素在較高的氧化態下會比較穩定的趨勢[3]。

反应

亚砷酸可以用三氧化砷在水中緩慢的水解來製備，若加入鹽基可以使亚砷酸變成亞砷酸根（英语：arsenite ions）離子[AsO(OH)2]-、[AsO2(OH)]2-及[AsO3]3-。其pKa1為9.2。三氧化砷水溶液的反應均可歸因於亚砷酸及其共軛鹼。

毒性

許多含砷的化合物都是有毒的致癌物質。三氧化二砷是亚砷酸的酸酐，常用在除草剂、農藥及滅鼠劑。

参考资料

  1. ^ King, R. Bruce "(ed.)". Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. 1994. 
  2. ^ Kolozsi, A.; Lakatos, A.; Galbács, G.; Madsen, A. Ø.; Larsen, E.; Gyurcsik, B. A pH-Metric, UV, NMR, and X-ray Crystallographic Study on Arsenous Acid Reacting with Dithioerythritol (PDF). Inorganic Chemistry. 2008, 47: 3832–3840 [2011-12-18]. PMID 18380458. doi:10.1021/ic7024439. （原始内容 (pdf)存档于2012-04-25）. 
  3. ^ Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements 2nd. Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. 1997. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4. 

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