五階正方形鑲嵌

五階正方形鑲嵌
五階正方形鑲嵌
龐加萊圓盤模型
類別雙曲正鑲嵌
對偶多面體四階五邊形鑲嵌
識別
鮑爾斯縮寫
verse-and-dimensions的wikiaBowers acronym
pesquat在维基数据编辑
數學表示法
考克斯特符號
英语Coxeter-Dynkin diagram
node 5 node 4 node_1 
施萊夫利符號{4,5}
威佐夫符號
英语Wythoff symbol
5 | 4 2
組成與佈局
頂點圖45
對稱性
對稱群[5,4], (*542)
旋轉對稱群
英語Rotation_groups
[5,4]+, (542)
特性
正、非嚴格凸、緊湊
圖像

四階五邊形鑲嵌
對偶多面體

幾何學中,五階正方形鑲嵌是由正方形組成的雙曲正鑲嵌圖,在施萊夫利符號中用{4,5}表示,代表了每個頂點皆為五個正方形的公共頂點,因此每個頂點周圍皆包含了五個不重疊的正方形,一個正方形內角90度,五個正方形超過了360度,因此無法因此無法在平面上作出,但可以在雙曲面上作出,或是以扭歪多面體的方式呈現。

性質

五階正方形鑲嵌由正方形組成,且每個頂點都是5個正方形的公共頂點,在施萊夫利符號中用{4,5}表示[1]。由於平面上鑲嵌了四個正方形就滿了,因此若要鑲嵌五個正方形來使每個頂點都是5個正方形的公共頂點的話,僅能將鑲嵌的面扭曲成雙曲面


一個五階正方形鑲嵌的紙模型,可以看到它不是一個平面,像是一個馬鞍面

相關多面體及鑲嵌

球面鑲嵌 雙曲面鑲嵌

{2,5}
node_1 2 node 5 node 

{3,5}
node_1 3 node 5 node 

{4,5}
node_1 4 node 5 node 

{5,5}
node_1 5 node 5 node 

{6,5}
node_1 6 node 5 node 

{7,5}
node_1 7 node 5 node 

{8,5}
node_1 8 node 5 node 
...
{∞,5}
node_1 infin node 5 node 

五階正方形鑲嵌在拓扑上与一系列用施萊夫利符號{4,n}表示且頂點圖為4n的(广义)多面体一直延伸到双曲镶嵌:

有限 歐氏 雙曲緊空間 仿緊空間 非緊

{4,3}
node_1 4 node 3 node 

{4,4}
node_1 4 node 4 node 

{4,5}
node_1 4 node 5 node 

{4,6}
node_1 4 node 6 node 

{4,7}
node_1 4 node 7 node 

{4,8}...
node_1 4 node 8 node 

{4,∞}
node_1 4 node infin node 
 
{4,iπ/λ}
node_1 4 node ultra node 

五階正方形鑲嵌可以透過截角操作或其他康威變換得到一系列與之相關的半正鑲嵌,其與五階正方形鑲嵌擁有相似的對稱性[5,4], (*542)或[5,4]+(542):

半正五邊形/正方鑲嵌
對稱性: [5,4], (*542) [5,4]+, (542) [5+,4], (5*2) [5,4,1+], (*552)
node_1 5 node 4 node  node_1 5 node_1 4 node  node 5 node_1 4 node  node 5 node_1 4 node_1  node 5 node 4 node_1  node_1 5 node 4 node_1  node_1 5 node_1 4 node_1  node_h 5 node_h 4 node_h  node_h 5 node_h 4 node  node 5 node 4 node_h 
{5,4} t{5,4} r{5,4} 2t{5,4}=t{4,5} 2r{5,4}={4,5} rr{5,4} tr{5,4} sr{5,4} s{5,4} h{4,5}
半正對偶
node_f1 5 node 4 node  node_f1 5 node_f1 4 node  node 5 node_f1 4 node  node 5 node_f1 4 node_f1  node 5 node 4 node_f1  node_f1 5 node 4 node_f1  node_f1 5 node_f1 4 node_f1  node_fh 5 node_fh 4 node_fh  node_fh 5 node_fh 4 node  node 5 node 4 node_fh 
V54 V4.10.10 V4.5.4.5 V5.8.8 V45 V4.4.5.4 V4.8.10 V3.3.4.3.5 V3.3.5.3.5 V55

五階正方形鑲嵌的雙曲鑲嵌可以反過來多面體化構造進歐幾里得空間而得到半正扭歪無限面體[2]

構成的蜂巢體

有一些蜂巢體由五階正方形鑲嵌為胞構成

參見

參考文獻

  1. ^ The dual tessellation {4,5} of the hyperbolic plane. clarku.edu. 
  2. ^ {4,5}. superliminal.com. 
  1. John H. Conway, Heidi Burgiel, Chaim Goodman-Strass, The Symmetries of Things 2008, ISBN 978-1-56881-220-5 (Chapter 19, The Hyperbolic Archimedean Tessellations)
  2. Chapter 10: Regular honeycombs in hyperbolic space. The Beauty of Geometry: Twelve Essays. Dover Publications. 1999. ISBN 0-486-40919-8. LCCN 99035678. 

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