^Epler, J.H. (2010). The Water Beetles of Florida - an identification manual for the families Chrysomelidae, Curculionidae, Dryopidae, Dytiscidae, Elmidae, Gyrinidae, Haliplidae, Helophoridae, Hydraenidae, Hydrochidae, Hydrophilidae, Noteridae, Psephenidae, Ptilodactylidae and Scirtidae. Tallahassee: Florida Department of Environmental Protection. tr. 414.
^Thomas, Michael C. (2002). Arnett, Ross H.; Thomas, M. C.; Skelley, P. E.; và đồng nghiệp (biên tập). American Beetles, Volume II: Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea. Boca Raton: CRC Press. ISBN0849309549.