Phương ngữ, phương ngôn, thổ ngữ, hay tiếng địa phương, là hệ thống ngôn ngữ được dùng cho một tập hợp người nhất định trong xã hội, thường là phân chia theo lãnh thổ.
Phương ngữ được chia thành phương ngữ lãnh thổ và phương ngữ xã hội.
Ngôn ngữ hình thành từ cuộc sống và phản ánh cuộc sống của từng địa phương khác nhau về kinh tế, văn hóa sẽ khác nhau. Ở Việt Nam chủ yếu có ba vùng phương ngữ chính: phương ngữ bắc (Bắc Bộ), phương ngữ trung (Bắc Trung Bộ), phương ngữ nam (Nam Trung Bộ và Nam Bộ). Các phương ngữ này khác nhau chủ yếu ở ngữ âm, rồi đến từ vựng, cuối cùng là một chút khác biệt ngữ pháp. Sự khác biệt về ngữ âm là nhiều nhất, nhưng có thể đoán được. Sự khác biệt về từ vựng có thể dẫn đến sự hiểu lầm nhiều nhất[1].
Phương ngữ xã hội (Sociolect) là ngôn ngữ của một nhóm người nhất định trong xã hội, bao gồm tiếng nghề nghiệp, tiếng lóng... Phương ngữ xã hội khác biệt chủ yếu ở mặt từ vựng.
Asep SyahrudinGubernur Akademi KepolisianMasa jabatan1 Mei 2020 – 3 Agustus 2020PendahuluFiandarPenggantiSuroto Informasi pribadiLahir11 Juni 1966 (umur 57)Bandung, Jawa BaratAlma materAkademi Kepolisian (1988)Karier militerPihak IndonesiaDinas/cabang Kepolisian Negara Republik IndonesiaMasa dinas1988—sekarangPangkat Inspektur Jenderal PolisiSatuanPendidikan PolriSunting kotak info • L • B Irjen. Pol. Drs. Mohamad Asep Syahrudin, M.Si., M.H. (lahir 11 Ju…
Sekolah Penerbang TNI Angkatan LautPusat Pendidikan KhususDibentuk14 Februari 1969NegaraIndonesiaCabang TNI Angkatan LautTipe unitKomando PendidikanBagian dariPusdiksusMarkasJuanda, SidoarjoJulukanSenerbalMotoGladi Cendekia JalakacaMaskotSayap, Trisula dan JangkarUlang tahun14 FebruariSitus webwww.kodikopsla.blogspot.co.id Sekolah Penerbangan TNI Angkatan Laut Pusat Pendidikan Khusus (Senerbal) atau Pendidikan Brevet TNI AL adalah Kawah Candradimuka Calon Pengawak Penerbangan TNI Angkatan Laut y…
Хімі́чний зв'язо́к — це взаємодія між атомами, яка утримує їх у молекулі чи твердому тілі. Хімічні зв'язки є результатом взаємодії електронів та ядер атомів і описуються квантовою механікою. В першій третині XX ст. зародилася окрема галузь хімії, предметом якої є вивче…
Dutch actor, comedian and presenter In this Dutch name, the surname is Van Koningsbrugge, not Koningsbrugge. Jeroen van Koningsbruggevan Koningsbrugge (2019)Born (1973-09-03) 3 September 1973 (age 50)Nispen, NetherlandsNationalityDutchOccupation(s)Actor, comedian, singer, director, presenterYears active1999-present Jeroen van Koningsbrugge (born 3 September 1973) is a Dutch actor, comedian, singer, director and presenter.[1] He has appeared in more than thirty films since 1999.…
قصر اشبيلي تقسيم إداري البلد المغرب الجهة درعة تافيلالت الإقليم الرشيدية الدائرة الريصاني الجماعة القروية بني امحمد سجلماسة المشيخة تارنجيوت السكان التعداد السكاني 466 نسمة (إحصاء 2004) • عدد الأسر 59 معلومات أخرى التوقيت ت ع م±00:00 (توقيت قياسي)[1]، وت ع م+01:00 (توقيت…
Bell 412Helikopter Bell 412 Angkatan Udara ChiliTipeHelikopter serbagunaTerbang perdana1979Diperkenalkan1981Pengguna utamaAmerika SerikatPengguna lainKanadaBritania RayaIndonesiaAcuan dasarBell 212VarianCH-146 Griffon Bell 412 adalah sebuah helikopter serbaguna yang diproduksi oleh Bell Helicopter Textron. Helikopter ini adalah pengembangan dari model Bell 212, perbedaan utamanya terletak pada 4 bilah rotor utama komposit. Bell 412 yang diproduksi oleh PT Dirgantara Indonesia dinamakan NBell 412…
City and municipality in Cortés, HondurasSan Pedro SulaCity and municipalityHistoric and modern landmarks of San Pedro Sula FlagSealNickname(s): La Capital Industrial, SapSan Pedro SulaCoordinates: 15°30′0″N 88°2′0″W / 15.50000°N 88.03333°W / 15.50000; -88.03333Country HondurasDepartmentCortésMunicipio (County)San Pedro SulaFoundation27 June 1536; 487 years ago (1536-06-27)Government • MayorArmando Calidonio Alvarado (…
The BearPoster promosi musim 1GenreDrama komediPembuatChristopher StorerPemeran Jeremy Allen White Ebon Moss-Bachrach Ayo Edebiri Lionel Boyce Liza Colón-Zayas Abby Elliott Matty Matheson Negara asalAmerika SerikatBahasa asliInggrisJmlh. musim2Jmlh. episode18ProduksiProduser eksekutif Joanna Calo Josh Senior Christopher Storer Hiro Murai Nate Matteson Matty Matheson ProduserTyson BidnerSinematografiAndrew WehdeDurasi20–66 menitRumah produksiFXPRilisJaringan asliHuluRilis asli23 Juni 2022 …
Der Titel dieses Artikels ist mehrdeutig. Zum russischen Diplomaten siehe Dmitri Jewgenjewitsch Ljubinski. Siedlung städtischen Typs LjubinskiЛюбинский Föderationskreis Sibirien Oblast Omsk Rajon Ljubinski Gegründet 1741 Frühere Namen Worowskoi forpostWorowskajaLjubino (ab 1853)Nowoljubino (bis 1947) Siedlung städtischen Typs seit 1947 Bevölkerung 10.231 Einwohner(Stand: 14. Okt. 2010)[1] Höhe des Zentrums 110 m Zeitzone UTC+6 Telefonvorwahl (+7) 38175 Postleitzahl 6…
В статті наведений перелік пам'яток історії та культури в місті Київ, які включені до третьої частини книги «Київ» Зводу пам'яток історії та культури України, що була видана у 2011 році. Інші частини: частина 1 (А—Л) (1999), частина 2 (М—С) (2004). Умовні позначення типу пам'ятки: а …
Puerto Rican professional wrestler Zeda ZhangBirth nameJulia HoBorn (1987-07-01) July 1, 1987 (age 36)Richmond, Virginia[1]Professional wrestling careerRing name(s)Julia Ho Zeda Zeda Zhang[2]Billed height5 ft 3 in (160 cm)[2]Billed weight128 lb (58 kg)[2]Trained byBrian Kendrick[2]WWE Performance Center[2]Sara Amato[2]Team Vision Dojo[2]Chasyn Rance[2]DebutMay 13, 2017[2] Julia Ho (born July 1, 19…
This article is about a New York state law. For the Philippine law also known as the Reproductive Health Act, see Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012. Reproductive Health ActNew York State LegislatureFull nameReproductive Health ActAcronymRHAIntroducedJanuary 9, 2019Assembly votedJanuary 22, 2019 (92-47)Senate votedJanuary 22, 2019 (38-24)Signed into lawJanuary 22, 2019Sponsor(s)Deborah J. Glick (Assembly),Liz Krueger (Senate)GovernorAndrew CuomoStatus: Current legislation…
Chemical reaction that releases energy as light or heat The thermite reaction is famously exothermic. The reduction of iron(III) oxide by aluminium releases sufficient heat to yield molten iron. In thermochemistry, an exothermic reaction is a reaction for which the overall standard enthalpy change ΔH⚬ is negative.[1][2] Exothermic reactions usually release heat. The term is often confused with exergonic reaction, which IUPAC defines as ... a reaction for which the overall stan…
Pour les articles homonymes, voir Guerre de Gaza. Cet article concerne une guerre en cours. Ces informations peuvent manquer de recul, ne pas prendre en compte des développements récents ou changer à mesure que les combats progressent. Le titre lui-même peut être provisoire.N'hésitez pas à améliorer cet article en veillant à citer vos sources.La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 7 décembre 2023 à 15:33. Guerre Israël-Gazade 2023 Bande de Gaza sous contrôle palest…
Town in New South Wales, AustraliaVincentiaNew South WalesA boat on Collingwood beach.VincentiaCoordinates35°04′36″S 150°40′25″E / 35.07667°S 150.67361°E / -35.07667; 150.67361Population2,705 (UCL 2021)[1]Postcode(s)2540LGA(s)City of ShoalhavenRegionSouth CoastCountySt VincentParishBherwerreState electorate(s)South CoastFederal division(s)Gilmore Localities around Vincentia: Huskisson Huskisson Tasman Sea Worrowing Heights Vincentia Tasman Sea Old Erow…
Marvel Comics limited series Infamous Iron ManArtwork for the cover of Infamous Iron Man vol. 1, 1 (October, 2016 Marvel Comics) Art by Alex MaleevPublication informationPublisherMarvel ComicsScheduleMonthlyFormatOngoing seriesGenreSuperheroPublication dateOctober 2016 – September 2017No. of issues12Main character(s)Victor Von DoomCreative teamCreated byBrian Michael BendisAlex MaleevWritten byBrian Michael BendisArtist(s)Alex Maleev Infamous Iron Man is an American comic book s…
Kantor Pos dan Telegraf Medan dan air mancur Nienhuys. Kantor Pos Medan, dan air mancur Nienhuys yang sedang direnovasi Kantor Pos Medan adalah kantor pos besar di Medan, Indonesia. Dibuka pada tahun 1911, kantor pos ini adalah salah satu bangunan bersejarah yang hingga kini masih berdiri di Medan. Bangunan ini masih tetap mempertahankan fungsinya hingga kini. Letaknya di pusat kota Medan, tepatnya di seberang Lapangan Merdeka dan Hotel Dharma Deli. Di depannya terdapat air mancur yang didedikas…
Indian actress This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous.Find sources: Kishori Godbole – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Kishori…
Cricket tournament in New Zealand 1965–66 Plunket ShieldThe Plunket Shield trophyCricket formatFirst-classTournament format(s)Round-robinChampionsWellington (12th title)Participants6Matches15← 1964–651966–67 → The 1965–66 Plunket Shield season was a tournament of the Plunket Shield, the domestic first-class cricket competition of New Zealand. Wellington won the championship, finishing at the top of the points table at the end of the round-robin tournament between the six firs…
Lion subspecies Panthera leo melanochaita Male lion in Maasai Mara National Reserve, Kenya Lioness in Etosha National Park, Namibia Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Suborder: Feliformia Family: Felidae Subfamily: Pantherinae Genus: Panthera Species: P. leo Subspecies: P. l. melanochaita Trinomial name Panthera leo melanochaita(Smith, 1842) Synonyms[1] P. l. bleyenberghi P. l. krugeri P. l. hollisteri…
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