Bản đồ tỷ lệ tự tử (chuẩn hóa theo độ tuổi, trên 100.000 dân) trên thế giới tính đến năm 2019. > 30
20–30
15–20
10–15
5–10
0–5
Không có dữ liệu.
Dưới đây là danh sách các quốc gia theo tỷ lệ tự tử do Tổ chức Y tế Thế giới (WHO) và các nguồn khác công bố.[ note 1]
Cứ 5.000 – 15.000 người thì có một người chết vì tự tử mỗi năm, với tỷ lệ toàn cầu ước tính là 10,5 trên 100.000 dân số[ 3] [ 4] [ 5] [ 6] [ 7] [ 8] [ 9]
Một nghiên cứu vào năm 2019 cho thấy từ năm 1990 đến năm 2016, tỷ lệ tự tử theo tiêu chuẩn độ tuổi trên toàn cầu đã giảm 1/3; tỷ lệ năm 2016 là khoảng 16 ca tử vong trên 100.000 nam giới và 7 ca tử vong trên 100.000 nữ giới. Trong thời gian nghiên cứu, tỷ lệ tự tử của nữ giới đã suy giảm nhiều so với nam giới.[ 10] [ 11]
Ở nhiều nơi trên thế giới, tự tử do bị kỳ thị và lên án vì lý do tôn giáo hoặc văn hóa. Ở một số quốc gia, hành vi tự tử là một tội hình sự có thể bị pháp luật trừng phạt. Do đó, tự tử thường là một hành động bí mật và có thể không được công nhận, phân loại sai hoặc cố tình che giấu trong hồ sơ chính thức về cái chết.[ 5]
— Tổ chức Y tế Thế giới (2002)
Do đó, tỷ lệ tự tử có thể cao hơn so với những ước lượng, trong đó nam giới có nhiều nguy cơ tự tử hơn phụ nữ ở hầu hết các nền văn hóa và hoàn cảnh.[ 12] [ 13]
Quốc gia
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
Afghanistan 7.6
7.9
8.0
7.8
7.9
7.8
7.8
7.7
7.4
7.0
6.9
6.6
6.4
6.3
6.1
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.2
6.2
Albania 7.6
6.5
6.6
6.6
6.7
10.2
10.1
10.5
10.5
10.2
9.5
7.3
6.6
6.5
6.2
5.7
5.7
5.7
5.6
5.3
Algérie 5.9
5.7
5.6
5.2
5.0
4.8
4.6
4.4
4.2
4.0
3.8
3.7
3.7
3.6
3.5
3.4
3.3
3.2
3.2
3.3
Angola 30.0
29.8
29.0
29.1
28.6
27.1
28.4
25.2
25.5
23.0
23.9
22.8
24.1
24.3
22.6
22.7
21.8
21.0
21.3
21.7
Antigua và Barbuda 4.5
4.2
2.8
3.2
4.3
2.9
0.9
0.7
0.5
0.0
0.3
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Argentina 16.0
17.6
17.2
16.4
14.5
14.2
14.5
13.7
14.5
14.0
14.3
14.0
15.0
14.2
15.1
13.5
13.6
14.3
14.9
13.5
Armenia 5.5
5.3
5.7
4.3
6.1
6.4
8.7
8.3
6.8
7.8
9.9
9.0
10.3
7.2
6.8
7.6
8.1
4.7
2.9
4.9
Úc 18.8
17.6
16.2
15.1
14.6
15.9
14.6
14.9
16.3
15.2
15.9
15.2
15.4
15.3
17.0
17.7
16.3
17.7
17.1
17.0
Áo 24.9
23.0
24.9
22.5
22.3
21.2
20.5
19.5
18.8
19.2
19.6
19.4
19.3
18.0
19.0
17.9
17.1
17.5
18.0
16.6
Azerbaijan 5.8
6.2
6.5
6.7
7.4
7.7
8.0
8.2
7.9
7.6
7.4
7.3
7.1
7.0
6.8
6.6
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.6
Bahamas 4.2
4.7
4.3
4.3
5.6
5.3
6.0
5.6
5.8
5.8
6.4
6.6
6.3
5.5
5.8
6.0
6.2
5.8
5.8
5.8
Bahrain 10.2
12.8
13.1
13.9
13.6
13.2
10.5
11.8
11.2
10.3
9.6
9.2
8.7
8.3
8.7
8.7
8.9
9.3
9.7
9.9
Bangladesh 10.0
9.3
8.7
8.3
8.0
8.0
8.1
8.0
7.7
7.4
7.1
6.3
5.8
5.6
5.6
5.4
5.5
5.7
5.8
6.0
Barbados 4.9
2.8
0.4
0.6
0.7
3.6
2.7
2.5
1.3
2.2
2.2
1.1
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
Belarus 69.3
71.5
71.9
69.1
66.7
68.9
64.1
57.0
56.4
55.7
55.1
55.3
45.1
41.8
39.7
36.0
35.5
33.8
32.8
30.1
Bỉ 27.0
27.9
25.3
27.0
24.9
25.0
24.2
22.1
24.6
24.4
24.0
23.9
24.5
22.1
21.7
20.7
21.7
20.8
20.3
19.6
Belize 17.2
13.9
13.7
14.0
15.3
12.2
12.4
11.5
9.7
13.0
14.3
13.8
12.9
11.9
12.1
12.2
11.9
13.9
12.8
13.6
Bénin 23.6
23.8
23.9
23.9
23.9
23.7
23.5
23.2
22.7
23.1
22.9
22.9
22.5
22.3
22.0
21.5
21.3
21.0
20.8
20.3
Bhutan 8.6
8.5
8.2
8.1
7.8
7.7
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
6.9
6.7
6.8
6.8
6.8
Bolivia 11.8
11.3
11.1
10.8
10.4
10.2
9.6
9.7
9.5
9.4
9.4
9.5
9.3
9.3
9.6
9.9
10.3
10.0
9.8
9.6
Bosna và Hercegovina 13.3
13.7
14.0
13.9
13.7
14.9
14.5
15.5
14.5
14.1
13.7
13.8
13.3
13.5
13.4
13.6
13.2
13.1
13.4
13.5
Botswana 76.2
73.4
69.3
66.2
67.3
71.0
67.3
60.5
58.8
55.2
55.1
50.4
51.0
49.1
43.4
42.3
39.5
38.6
38.4
35.5
Brasil 7.4
8.1
7.6
7.6
7.6
8.0
7.8
8.1
8.4
8.4
7.9
8.2
8.3
8.6
8.7
8.9
9.1
9.9
10.4
10.3
Brunei 3.0
2.4
2.6
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.7
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.7
3.2
3.0
2.1
1.8
2.6
3.9
5.4
4.9
4.2
Bulgaria 21.8
20.8
21.0
17.9
16.8
15.1
15.8
13.6
14.8
14.0
13.8
13.3
14.4
12.3
11.7
11.1
10.7
11.0
10.5
10.6
Burkina Faso 27.6
26.8
26.0
25.9
26.0
26.3
26.4
26.5
26.3
26.4
26.9
26.7
27.5
27.4
26.6
26.3
25.8
25.3
25.0
24.5
Burundi 35.5
32.2
30.3
28.5
27.2
26.3
25.8
24.5
23.4
22.8
22.4
21.9
21.5
21.0
20.0
19.5
19.5
19.4
19.2
18.9
Cabo Verde 33.3
33.1
33.4
33.5
34.0
34.3
32.9
32.5
32.4
32.3
32.0
31.6
31.0
30.0
29.0
28.7
28.3
27.8
28.9
27.4
Campuchia 9.2
9.1
9.0
9.0
9.3
9.7
10.0
10.2
10.0
9.7
9.6
9.5
9.3
9.1
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.6
8.6
8.4
Cameroon 29.8
30.3
30.0
30.6
30.5
32.3
32.9
32.4
31.9
31.6
30.9
30.9
30.8
29.5
28.2
27.0
26.4
25.7
25.3
25.2
Canada 16.6
16.8
16.3
16.7
15.4
15.9
14.5
14.7
14.7
15.5
15.1
14.1
14.9
15.0
15.9
16.4
15.3
17.6
15.6
15.3
Cộng hòa Trung Phi 53.7
50.9
50.4
48.3
46.8
45.8
47.3
46.6
46.1
47.8
47.1
46.3
45.1
46.1
48.0
45.5
44.0
44.9
40.8
39.6
Tchad 24.8
24.9
24.8
25.0
24.8
24.8
24.7
24.9
24.5
24.6
24.8
24.6
24.0
23.1
22.3
21.3
20.8
20.9
20.7
20.2
Chile 19.0
18.5
17.0
17.0
17.6
16.3
16.8
17.7
19.4
20.0
18.3
18.5
16.6
15.3
15.3
14.8
15.5
14.1
13.2
13.4
Trung Quốc 15.5
14.3
14.0
14.6
15.0
14.5
13.4
12.7
12.4
11.9
11.5
10.7
10.0
9.5
9.3
9.0
9.0
8.9
8.8
8.6
Colombia 8.4
8.4
7.7
7.4
7.6
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.1
6.8
6.5
6.1
6.3
6.0
6.2
6.5
6.9
7.4
6.3
6.0
Comoros 14.5
14.1
13.5
12.8
12.2
11.9
11.8
11.7
11.9
11.2
11.8
11.1
11.4
11.2
11.8
11.8
11.7
11.5
11.3
11.3
Cộng hòa Congo 38.5
34.1
30.6
28.1
27.4
25.7
25.0
24.2
23.3
23.5
22.8
22.4
22.7
21.3
19.9
18.7
18.6
18.1
17.9
18.3
Costa Rica 12.3
9.8
12.7
14.0
14.5
11.5
14.2
9.5
9.4
9.5
11.7
11.2
10.9
11.2
9.0
10.7
12.4
9.4
11.5
13.3
Bờ Biển Ngà 37.5
36.0
34.8
34.4
33.9
32.7
32.4
32.0
30.3
30.6
31.5
31.4
31.8
31.4
30.1
28.8
27.8
26.8
26.1
25.7
Croatia 27.1
25.3
24.4
25.9
24.6
24.4
21.6
21.7
22.5
22.8
21.5
18.9
21.8
20.6
19.7
19.4
18.8
17.5
17.8
17.7
Cuba 22.7
20.3
18.9
18.4
18.5
16.9
17.4
16.2
16.5
17.6
18.6
18.2
17.7
17.5
16.6
17.1
16.1
17.0
16.6
16.7
Síp 2.6
2.8
2.8
2.9
1.3
3.4
4.4
4.2
8.4
6.8
7.5
6.8
9.1
9.1
7.0
6.5
7.2
5.7
5.9
5.3
Cộng hòa Séc 22.6
22.6
20.9
23.3
22.6
21.6
19.6
19.5
19.2
20.5
20.4
22.2
22.5
21.4
19.4
17.5
16.9
18.2
17.8
15.4
CHDCND Triều Tiên 12.3
11.8
11.9
11.3
11.2
10.9
10.9
11.0
11.4
11.4
11.5
11.6
11.5
11.6
11.6
12.2
11.9
11.2
10.6
10.6
Cộng hòa Dân chủ Congo 24.9
24.5
24.2
24.4
23.9
23.5
23.1
22.2
22.2
22.6
22.3
22.1
21.6
21.3
20.9
20.4
20.1
20.1
20.6
20.7
Đan Mạch 18.9
18.0
16.6
15.7
15.6
16.2
16.1
13.2
14.0
15.4
13.1
14.5
14.9
13.3
13.6
11.3
12.2
11.9
11.9
11.1
Djibouti 17.1
16.6
16.9
17.0
17.1
16.9
16.6
16.1
16.0
15.9
16.2
16.4
16.4
16.6
16.7
16.2
16.5
16.8
16.5
16.3
Cộng hòa Dominica 8.3
8.0
8.0
8.8
8.7
9.2
9.4
9.5
9.4
9.4
9.0
9.2
9.7
10.2
11.1
11.5
11.3
10.0
9.2
8.5
Ecuador 9.6
10.3
11.9
12.8
13.6
15.2
15.1
15.6
16.3
16.1
15.1
15.0
15.6
14.7
13.5
13.7
14.0
14.5
12.5
11.9
Ai Cập 4.7
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.7
4.7
4.7
4.7
4.7
4.8
5.1
5.2
5.2
5.1
5.1
5.0
4.7
4.6
4.7
El Salvador 10.6
11.7
9.3
12.0
12.9
14.7
12.7
15.7
13.0
16.8
11.7
14.4
12.4
12.3
10.1
12.5
10.2
11.1
11.0
11.1
Guinea Xích Đạo 31.0
27.9
24.7
23.5
22.1
20.9
20.7
20.1
19.2
18.5
20.8
23.5
21.9
19.1
19.5
20.6
20.3
17.9
19.7
18.5
Eritrea 38.4
36.7
35.9
33.8
33.8
33.7
33.8
33.3
33.7
33.0
32.5
31.9
31.2
30.4
29.8
29.5
28.8
28.4
28.1
27.2
Estonia 43.1
46.0
46.0
40.1
41.4
34.1
29.4
32.5
28.0
35.2
27.6
26.7
30.9
27.0
28.6
24.1
21.3
25.0
19.7
20.2
Eswatini 65.5
72.5
81.1
87.9
92.0
95.5
104.2
122.1
125.4
125.1
119.1
114.5
116.2
110.0
99.0
92.3
88.8
83.6
78.8
78.7
Ethiopia 25.9
24.5
23.7
22.8
22.1
21.5
21.0
20.6
20.3
19.6
19.1
18.2
16.8
15.7
15.0
14.9
14.7
14.5
14.3
14.2
Fiji 15.3
15.0
14.1
13.5
13.1
13.5
13.4
13.8
13.8
13.6
13.8
14.3
14.6
14.8
14.3
13.9
14.0
13.7
13.4
13.1
Phần Lan 33.3
33.6
29.7
29.5
29.4
25.1
28.2
26.1
27.9
26.5
25.1
24.4
22.6
22.5
20.7
18.9
20.4
20.8
21.6
20.1
Pháp 24.2
23.4
23.5
24.2
23.1
22.6
21.8
21.0
21.4
21.7
21.2
21.0
20.8
19.4
17.7
18.1
16.9
16.3
15.8
15.2
Gabon 33.2
31.3
28.9
28.3
26.0
26.9
27.3
27.1
29.5
27.5
27.4
27.5
24.9
24.3
27.0
26.5
25.7
24.5
24.0
23.3
Gambia 15.3
15.6
15.8
15.9
16.1
15.8
15.6
15.5
15.5
15.0
14.7
15.2
14.8
14.6
14.5
14.1
13.6
13.6
13.2
13.3
Gruzia 11.9
10.8
12.8
9.8
11.3
9.5
9.5
9.1
11.6
12.8
12.7
13.0
14.0
15.0
15.5
15.9
16.4
14.7
14.3
14.0
Đức 17.6
17.6
17.2
16.9
16.4
15.4
14.5
14.1
14.2
14.4
14.8
14.5
13.6
14.1
14.2
13.5
13.5
12.9
13.1
12.8
Ghana 17.2
18.6
19.5
20.5
21.5
22.0
22.3
22.5
23.4
23.8
24.4
24.3
24.1
23.8
23.2
22.7
22.2
21.4
20.5
20.0
Hy Lạp 4.6
4.4
3.7
4.4
4.1
4.7
4.8
4.1
4.4
5.0
4.9
5.8
6.2
6.4
6.5
6.1
5.7
6.1
6.0
5.9
Grenada 3.8
0.0
6.6
4.8
9.3
6.0
8.9
3.3
3.9
1.4
1.7
3.2
2.8
1.8
0.0
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.0
0.5
Guatemala 24.0
25.1
24.0
24.4
24.6
25.0
23.5
17.7
16.9
16.0
14.6
12.7
11.6
10.9
10.4
10.4
10.0
9.8
10.4
10.3
Guinée 13.7
13.8
14.4
14.7
15.1
15.1
16.1
17.1
17.4
17.6
18.5
19.0
19.3
19.8
19.6
19.4
19.0
18.4
18.2
18.4
Guiné-Bissau 28.7
28.2
27.4
26.7
26.6
25.7
25.4
25.3
25.3
25.7
25.3
24.6
24.1
24.1
22.9
20.9
21.1
21.0
20.8
19.8
Guyana 57.6
64.8
65.4
59.9
59.2
57.0
54.8
54.9
52.5
53.7
57.7
56.8
60.5
65.4
66.4
63.5
63.8
63.9
64.4
65.0
Haiti 14.7
14.3
13.9
13.9
13.7
13.9
14.2
14.9
15.1
15.4
16.0
15.3
15.3
15.2
15.2
15.3
15.1
15.1
15.1
14.9
Honduras 5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.0
5.0
5.0
4.9
4.8
4.6
4.5
4.4
7.1
7.0
7.3
8.3
4.5
4.6
4.4
4.4
Hungary 44.7
40.5
38.8
37.5
36.5
35.0
31.8
32.2
32.6
33.0
32.6
31.8
30.9
26.8
25.0
24.0
21.9
21.1
21.2
19.1
Iceland 19.3
18.9
17.7
18.6
16.1
14.1
15.7
17.9
18.9
18.1
18.2
16.5
17.0
18.5
20.6
21.0
20.3
20.8
16.6
18.7
Ấn Độ 20.9
20.6
20.4
19.7
19.5
19.8
20.2
19.9
19.5
18.4
18.0
17.9
17.6
16.8
15.7
14.8
14.4
14.3
14.7
14.7
Indonesia 5.5
5.5
5.4
5.3
5.2
5.0
4.8
4.8
4.6
4.5
4.4
4.3
4.2
4.1
4.0
3.9
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
Iran 10.1
9.6
9.2
8.4
8.1
7.5
7.2
7.8
7.5
7.6
7.8
8.5
8.7
8.7
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.6
8.1
7.5
Iraq 7.2
7.1
7.1
7.4
7.3
7.3
7.4
7.3
7.0
7.4
7.7
8.0
8.2
8.5
8.2
8.1
8.0
7.8
7.4
7.3
Ireland 19.8
20.8
18.8
17.4
18.4
17.3
16.2
16.9
17.4
21.5
17.5
19.5
19.1
16.9
17.3
13.8
15.2
15.0
14.8
14.3
Israel 11.0
10.6
9.1
10.8
9.9
10.0
8.5
8.6
8.7
9.4
11.0
8.9
10.1
7.9
7.9
7.2
8.4
7.8
8.5
8.3
Ý 8.7
8.6
8.7
8.3
8.2
7.5
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.8
7.8
8.4
8.6
8.4
7.9
7.6
6.9
7.7
6.9
6.7
Jamaica 3.3
3.2
3.1
3.0
2.7
2.5
2.6
3.0
3.8
4.0
3.1
3.7
3.3
3.2
3.5
3.4
3.4
3.5
3.5
3.6
Nhật Bản 26.8
25.9
26.7
29.2
27.4
27.9
26.9
27.9
27.6
28.6
27.4
25.9
24.4
23.9
22.4
21.4
19.7
19.4
18.8
17.5
Jordan 4.5
4.4
4.1
4.0
3.8
3.6
3.4
3.3
3.2
3.1
3.0
2.9
2.9
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.9
3.0
Kazakhstan 71.7
71.2
68.7
70.1
70.2
68.7
65.8
65.8
58.8
51.3
51.3
49.4
47.7
45.6
42.2
40.8
38.2
36.6
33.4
30.9
Kenya 24.8
23.1
22.1
21.1
20.2
21.4
21.0
21.1
20.8
19.6
19.0
19.4
19.2
18.9
18.0
17.4
17.2
17.6
18.2
18.1
Kiribati 62.6
61.9
60.6
56.7
55.9
56.9
54.9
57.5
58.6
57.6
57.1
57.4
55.9
56.6
55.3
55.3
55.0
55.4
53.1
53.6
Kuwait 4.1
3.5
3.8
3.5
3.6
3.6
3.7
3.5
4.1
3.7
3.4
3.1
3.3
3.4
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.6
3.7
3.8
Kyrgyzstan 30.7
28.8
27.9
26.0
24.2
24.6
24.3
23.2
22.2
21.3
20.6
20.2
19.8
19.1
19.1
18.1
15.7
15.1
14.6
13.5
Lào 11.0
11.0
10.6
10.4
10.3
10.3
10.2
10.0
9.9
9.6
9.4
9.3
8.9
8.9
8.7
8.8
8.8
8.9
8.9
8.6
Latvia 54.3
50.0
47.8
44.2
40.4
39.7
35.9
30.9
39.4
39.4
35.6
33.9
35.9
30.9
31.0
30.5
30.3
30.2
27.4
29.0
Liban 3.7
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.7
3.7
3.4
4.0
4.1
4.1
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.2
3.9
4.0
3.9
4.3
3.5
3.9
Lesotho 73.9
70.4
74.6
79.1
82.2
82.7
95.6
108.0
133.8
148.1
152.7
156.9
172.9
188.2
195.2
191.5
180.1
164.0
158.4
146.9
Liberia 11.0
10.4
10.2
9.9
9.8
9.8
10.1
10.3
10.1
10.4
10.6
10.8
10.7
10.4
10.1
9.2
9.1
9.0
9.0
9.4
Libya 7.1
7.4
7.7
7.6
6.6
6.4
6.3
6.9
7.3
7.4
7.2
6.7
7.7
6.4
8.9
7.8
6.9
7.7
8.1
6.1
Litva 80.7
75.7
78.0
72.5
67.8
66.7
53.6
54.3
59.0
60.6
56.1
56.3
52.3
60.2
53.7
51.7
48.6
41.1
37.9
36.1
Luxembourg 20.3
20.7
21.0
19.0
16.2
17.5
20.2
16.7
15.6
13.0
14.4
13.2
12.4
12.6
12.8
13.0
10.6
10.6
11.1
11.8
Madagascar 15.5
15.2
15.5
15.8
15.7
15.5
15.4
15.1
15.0
14.9
14.8
14.8
14.4
14.3
14.3
13.9
13.8
13.6
13.4
13.3
Malawi 31.8
30.0
28.1
26.9
26.3
25.4
25.9
26.6
26.2
27.3
27.7
25.7
24.7
24.0
23.6
23.4
22.8
21.9
20.8
20.0
Malaysia 9.1
8.7
8.6
8.9
8.7
8.5
8.2
7.9
8.1
8.2
7.9
7.9
7.8
7.3
7.7
7.9
8.2
8.6
8.7
9.0
Maldives 8.1
7.8
7.2
7.1
5.9
6.0
5.9
5.6
5.5
5.2
4.7
4.4
4.4
4.3
4.4
4.4
4.7
4.6
4.3
4.1
Mali 10.6
10.5
10.6
10.6
10.7
11.0
11.0
11.2
11.4
11.5
11.2
11.3
11.3
11.3
11.2
10.9
10.7
10.5
10.5
10.5
Malta 9.8
9.0
7.2
6.1
7.3
6.8
10.6
8.0
9.9
11.0
12.0
10.0
8.7
9.2
10.2
10.3
8.0
7.7
8.3
8.4
Mauritanie 8.2
8.0
7.9
7.6
7.8
7.4
7.5
7.4
7.2
7.3
7.2
7.0
7.3
7.2
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
Mauritius 18.4
13.7
17.6
11.4
12.5
13.4
14.2
15.1
11.1
13.8
12.0
13.6
14.1
12.8
15.8
11.3
12.8
14.9
12.2
15.0
México 6.9
7.2
7.2
7.4
7.4
7.6
7.4
7.3
7.7
8.1
8.0
9.0
8.3
8.9
9.5
9.2
9.4
9.9
8.8
8.7
Micronesia 43.4
42.4
41.1
41.0
42.3
43.1
42.6
41.9
41.9
41.8
41.8
42.5
42.5
42.1
42.1
43.5
43.4
44.1
44.6
44.3
Mông Cổ 37.6
38.3
37.2
39.2
39.6
39.9
39.2
38.9
38.9
38.2
37.8
37.0
35.4
34.6
33.3
33.5
34.0
32.9
32.2
31.1
Montenegro 28.9
26.8
27.0
27.7
28.2
29.1
30.0
27.5
27.0
26.8
25.7
26.6
26.4
25.3
25.1
25.1
24.9
25.3
25.6
25.4
Maroc 13.9
13.9
13.3
13.4
13.3
13.1
12.9
13.0
13.0
12.9
12.9
13.0
12.5
10.9
10.4
10.1
9.9
9.8
10.0
10.1
Mozambique 36.2
36.3
36.7
37.1
37.8
38.6
39.3
39.9
42.0
44.6
45.8
46.6
47.5
47.0
45.6
44.4
43.5
42.9
42.8
42.6
Myanmar 8.1
7.6
7.5
7.3
7.2
7.0
7.0
6.7
6.3
6.3
6.2
6.1
6.0
5.9
5.8
5.7
5.7
5.3
5.1
5.1
Namibia 47.5
46.4
45.7
44.8
42.2
43.7
42.7
41.9
35.3
32.6
32.3
29.7
26.9
26.3
26.8
27.9
25.9
27.4
25.4
24.9
Nepal 19.4
18.6
17.9
17.5
17.4
17.5
17.0
17.4
17.8
18.4
18.6
19.2
19.2
18.9
18.6
18.7
18.4
18.3
18.4
18.6
Hà Lan 11.2
11.1
11.7
11.1
11.3
11.5
11.3
10.0
10.5
11.1
11.5
11.7
12.2
13.4
12.7
12.7
12.8
13.2
11.8
12.5
New Zealand 20.8
20.9
18.7
19.1
19.2
19.2
19.0
18.2
18.0
17.0
17.5
16.9
18.4
16.6
16.1
16.4
17.2
18.2
15.9
15.4
Nicaragua 9.3
9.5
9.3
10.7
10.8
10.7
8.9
8.7
9.0
8.5
8.9
9.5
7.5
9.8
8.2
7.1
7.8
7.7
8.3
7.8
Niger 12.6
13.0
12.9
13.5
13.3
13.8
13.8
14.0
13.9
14.1
14.4
14.5
14.7
14.9
14.9
14.5
14.2
14.1
14.1
14.1
Nigeria 13.7
13.9
13.6
13.5
13.6
13.5
13.5
13.7
13.7
13.4
13.2
13.1
12.5
12.0
11.3
10.9
10.7
10.4
10.3
10.1
Bắc Macedonia 12.5
19.8
13.3
12.3
13.4
11.6
13.3
12.1
12.2
12.7
8.6
9.2
11.8
13.2
11.5
11.3
11.2
11.1
11.1
11.0
Norway 19.9
19.8
16.2
16.0
15.9
15.5
16.9
15.1
14.7
16.3
15.1
16.9
14.2
13.7
14.5
13.9
14.7
14.0
13.7
13.4
Oman 10.1
10.1
9.5
9.8
9.3
9.3
9.7
9.8
9.4
8.8
8.8
7.9
6.9
6.9
6.7
6.8
6.5
6.5
6.3
6.4
Pakistan 16.1
16.2
16.3
16.3
16.2
15.9
16.0
15.6
15.4
15.1
14.9
14.7
14.7
14.7
14.7
14.8
14.9
14.8
14.6
14.6
Panama 10.4
10.6
9.5
11.4
10.2
9.1
11.2
9.1
9.3
8.7
7.6
6.8
6.6
6.5
7.2
4.9
5.7
5.6
4.9
4.8
Papua New Guinea 4.4
4.6
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.7
4.7
4.9
4.9
4.7
4.9
4.9
5.1
5.0
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.1
5.1
5.2
Paraguay 4.8
4.6
4.4
5.5
6.5
6.0
6.4
6.0
5.5
7.0
5.4
6.7
6.3
7.4
8.0
8.4
8.3
8.8
8.9
9.0
Perú 4.6
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.4
4.2
4.1
4.1
4.2
5.0
5.4
5.1
5.0
4.8
4.5
4.2
4.0
4.1
4.1
4.1
Philippines 3.5
2.9
3.3
3.4
3.4
3.7
3.9
3.3
3.7
4.1
4.3
5.1
4.3
4.4
4.3
4.3
4.2
4.1
4.0
3.9
Ba Lan 26.8
27.3
26.6
26.5
27.1
27.0
25.9
23.6
25.8
28.7
28.0
27.2
27.7
27.0
25.8
23.5
20.5
19.7
18.6
16.5
Bồ Đào Nha 9.5
11.0
15.7
14.4
12.3
13.1
13.3
13.2
14.3
14.5
14.4
13.3
14.8
13.2
14.9
12.5
12.2
12.4
11.7
11.6
Qatar 10.0
10.0
9.7
9.1
8.7
8.1
7.6
8.7
8.3
8.2
7.9
7.6
7.0
6.4
6.0
5.8
5.8
5.6
5.6
5.7
Hàn Quốc 20.4
22.0
26.2
33.2
34.1
34.5
30.2
31.8
33.4
39.1
39.2
40.1
34.2
34.6
32.6
31.0
29.7
28.3
31.0
29.7
Moldova 30.7
32.1
29.7
31.9
30.0
31.0
32.5
27.9
29.8
31.0
32.0
24.0
25.3
25.7
26.6
24.0
24.0
22.8
21.9
22.1
România 19.4
18.8
21.3
19.9
18.8
17.6
18.4
16.2
16.4
17.8
18.5
17.4
18.4
17.3
16.0
16.0
13.6
13.5
13.3
12.6
Nga 88.8
85.5
83.6
82.4
79.7
78.9
70.5
65.1
63.5
59.5
59.0
55.4
53.1
52.0
52.5
49.5
47.7
43.3
41.4
38.2
Rwanda 38.8
34.7
31.1
27.4
24.3
22.3
21.1
20.2
19.1
18.0
17.2
16.4
16.0
15.5
15.5
15.2
15.1
15.0
14.9
14.8
Saint Lucia 14.5
14.7
13.5
14.2
13.3
13.6
14.1
13.1
14.5
12.8
14.0
12.5
15.0
14.1
15.1
14.5
12.1
12.9
12.9
12.5
Saint Vincent và Grenadines 12.6
11.0
13.0
12.2
10.0
17.5
10.7
15.3
8.0
4.7
5.2
8.7
6.6
6.4
2.2
5.7
0.6
0.0
1.4
1.3
Samoa 24.1
23.9
23.4
23.0
22.3
22.5
22.5
22.1
21.7
18.7
21.4
21.3
21.2
20.2
21.4
21.5
21.6
21.2
21.2
20.9
São Tomé và Príncipe 3.2
3.4
3.5
3.1
3.3
3.1
3.2
3.5
3.5
3.3
3.2
3.1
3.2
3.2
3.3
3.3
3.2
3.3
3.3
3.3
Ả Rập Xê Út 5.7
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.8
6.0
6.3
6.7
7.1
7.6
8.1
8.8
9.1
9.0
9.0
8.5
8.5
8.2
8.0
7.8
Sénégal 23.5
22.8
22.5
22.2
21.9
21.7
21.4
20.7
21.0
20.6
20.5
20.0
20.1
19.9
19.8
19.6
19.2
19.0
18.7
18.5
Serbia 29.0
27.9
28.4
27.0
26.6
24.0
23.2
22.6
21.4
23.2
20.0
20.6
21.4
20.8
19.3
18.4
16.5
0.3
12.2
12.2
Seychelles 18.4
18.1
16.7
17.2
17.6
15.8
15.1
13.9
14.0
13.3
13.4
13.4
13.2
13.1
13.5
13.8
13.8
14.3
14.2
14.0
Sierra Leone 14.4
14.7
15.0
15.3
15.4
15.3
16.3
16.1
16.3
16.3
16.4
15.7
15.9
15.2
14.8
14.1
14.3
14.4
14.8
14.8
Singapore 15.2
13.6
13.8
14.2
13.5
13.9
12.5
11.8
12.0
12.6
10.8
10.1
11.6
12.0
11.8
10.0
9.3
9.5
10.4
12.7
Slovakia 21.9
21.8
23.3
23.6
20.7
20.9
22.2
21.1
19.0
20.0
20.1
19.0
18.7
18.0
18.3
17.8
17.5
17.2
17.0
16.7
Slovenia 40.4
41.5
38.7
38.7
33.8
34.2
34.9
27.4
25.8
27.5
26.7
25.8
27.1
27.2
24.7
24.2
23.6
23.7
20.4
22.7
Quần đảo Solomon 32.0
31.5
31.8
32.5
30.7
31.2
31.3
33.5
34.7
34.7
34.5
34.5
34.2
33.8
33.6
33.3
33.1
33.1
32.9
32.2
Somalia 26.0
25.8
25.8
25.8
26.0
25.6
25.0
24.5
24.8
24.8
23.9
23.7
23.7
23.5
23.4
23.2
22.9
23.0
23.0
22.8
Nam Phi 42.7
43.2
44.3
45.0
43.8
43.4
42.3
43.4
46.2
45.8
41.9
38.2
39.5
40.9
41.1
41.6
41.0
42.2
39.8
37.9
Nam Sudan 12.4
11.7
11.4
11.3
11.2
11.0
11.0
10.8
10.6
10.3
10.2
10.2
10.4
10.0
9.5
9.8
10.0
9.9
10.3
10.4
Tây Ban Nha 10.5
9.7
10.0
10.1
10.0
9.3
8.9
8.4
9.2
9.0
8.1
8.0
8.9
9.5
9.5
8.5
8.4
8.7
8.1
7.9
Sri Lanka 41.5
35.4
34.0
33.2
35.5
39.9
29.9
32.6
28.0
38.0
33.6
29.5
26.9
24.5
21.5
24.0
23.1
22.2
21.5
20.9
Sudan 7.2
7.1
7.2
7.1
7.0
7.1
7.0
6.9
6.9
7.0
6.9
7.1
6.8
6.9
6.7
6.6
6.4
6.4
6.4
6.3
Suriname 38.8
43.2
43.9
43.7
42.4
43.2
43.7
43.0
42.2
41.9
43.7
41.4
43.0
42.3
41.2
41.1
40.3
40.3
41.8
41.3
Thụy Điển 17.1
18.1
18.5
16.2
17.4
17.3
16.2
16.8
17.6
18.5
17.2
16.8
17.1
17.9
16.6
18.3
16.7
17.2
17.3
16.9
Thụy Sĩ 23.7
22.2
22.9
19.6
19.2
20.2
19.1
19.7
18.5
18.0
15.1
15.5
15.2
15.6
14.2
15.2
14.2
15.0
14.2
14.2
Syria 3.2
3.0
3.0
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.8
2.9
3.0
2.9
2.9
2.9
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.2
3.0
3.2
3.5
3.5
Tajikistan 7.3
6.8
6.6
6.5
6.4
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.1
7.1
7.0
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.1
7.2
7.4
Thái Lan 16.4
15.2
15.4
15.4
15.5
13.4
13.0
12.1
11.7
11.5
11.7
11.6
11.5
10.8
11.4
12.1
13.0
12.8
13.6
13.9
Đông Timor 6.5
6.4
6.1
6.4
6.0
5.9
5.4
5.1
4.8
6.1
5.9
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.2
6.4
6.5
6.5
6.6
6.7
Togo 27.0
27.7
28.2
29.1
29.3
29.5
30.1
30.0
30.0
29.4
29.0
28.8
28.7
28.5
27.9
26.7
25.6
25.0
24.1
24.0
Tonga 6.7
6.7
6.7
6.9
6.8
6.5
6.4
6.5
6.3
7.0
7.3
7.1
7.2
7.2
7.4
7.3
6.4
6.4
6.1
5.9
Trinidad và Tobago 26.4
26.1
24.7
21.3
21.0
19.8
17.4
17.6
21.2
17.1
16.9
14.7
13.2
16.1
15.6
15.0
14.5
14.0
13.4
13.1
Tunisia 5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.1
5.0
5.0
4.9
4.8
4.8
4.7
4.6
4.6
4.5
4.4
4.3
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.6
Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ 6.7
6.2
5.4
5.2
4.9
4.6
4.3
4.0
3.8
3.7
3.7
3.5
3.4
3.5
3.5
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.6
Turkmenistan 23.7
25.1
25.5
26.1
25.4
26.6
25.6
22.5
19.0
15.2
13.7
12.0
11.2
11.2
11.0
10.0
10.2
9.6
9.4
9.4
Uganda 38.6
37.7
36.8
36.8
37.1
37.4
35.9
32.2
29.8
28.6
27.2
26.9
25.1
23.6
21.6
20.7
20.5
19.3
19.2
19.4
Ukraina 62.7
58.5
57.3
54.2
53.1
53.0
47.8
49.3
48.3
40.5
37.3
35.1
35.2
34.4
37.6
33.0
32.4
31.3
33.3
32.7
Các Tiểu vương quốc Ả Rập Thống nhất 9.3
9.2
8.6
7.9
7.9
7.9
8.1
7.9
7.8
7.6
7.5
7.3
7.2
7.0
6.7
6.3
5.9
5.7
6.0
6.3
Anh Quốc 12.0
11.9
11.7
10.9
11.1
10.6
10.8
10.6
11.4
11.3
10.8
11.6
11.8
12.4
11.9
12.0
11.8
11.1
10.8
10.4
Tanzania 24.5
22.4
20.3
18.9
17.3
16.6
16.5
16.5
17.1
16.6
15.6
14.5
13.4
14.2
13.6
13.6
13.7
13.4
13.3
13.5
United States 16.4
16.9
17.3
17.1
17.2
17.1
17.5
17.7
18.1
18.1
18.5
18.9
18.9
18.8
19.2
19.9
21.2
22.5
21.8
22.4
Uruguay 25.7
21.8
30.1
23.2
23.3
21.8
21.9
25.6
22.5
22.7
23.3
24.7
27.1
23.1
25.5
27.7
30.3
30.8
31.5
31.1
Uzbekistan 19.6
18.9
18.0
16.4
15.5
16.2
15.0
14.4
13.7
12.5
12.6
12.8
13.1
13.0
13.2
13.2
13.1
12.8
12.5
11.8
Vanuatu 36.0
35.4
35.5
35.0
34.3
33.7
34.6
34.4
34.2
35.2
34.8
34.3
34.6
34.3
33.5
33.5
33.3
33.5
33.5
33.1
Venezuela 11.3
11.5
10.7
9.7
8.7
8.3
7.5
7.0
6.5
5.9
6.3
6.9
6.0
4.5
4.0
4.1
3.9
3.9
3.9
3.7
Việt Nam 9.4
9.5
9.3
9.4
9.6
9.6
9.9
10.3
10.6
10.7
10.7
10.9
11.1
11.1
11.3
11.3
11.2
11.1
10.8
10.6
Yemen 10.5
10.4
10.2
10.1
10.2
10.0
9.8
9.8
9.8
9.6
9.3
9.1
9.1
9.0
9.0
8.7
9.0
8.7
9.0
9.0
Zambia 35.9
34.3
34.5
34.2
35.8
35.8
35.6
33.4
32.8
32.6
33.3
33.4
31.1
30.0
30.2
30.0
29.1
29.1
28.1
25.7
Zimbabwe 28.2
28.6
29.8
29.4
30.1
32.1
28.5
36.3
42.0
48.3
51.6
52.4
50.7
46.4
45.3
47.4
44.5
41.3
38.6
37.8
Quốc gia
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
Afghanistan 7.8
7.9
7.7
7.6
7.6
7.4
7.3
7.1
6.9
6.6
6.4
6.2
6.1
6.0
5.9
5.8
5.8
5.5
5.6
5.7
Albania 2.9
3.0
3.0
3.2
3.1
5.2
5.7
5.7
5.8
5.8
5.9
8.2
3.2
3.2
2.9
2.8
2.7
2.5
2.4
2.2
Algérie 3.5
3.4
3.3
3.1
2.9
2.8
2.7
2.5
2.4
2.3
2.2
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.0
2.0
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
Angola 6.2
6.1
6.5
6.9
6.8
6.5
6.8
5.9
6.1
5.4
5.6
5.2
5.4
5.2
4.8
5.1
5.1
4.9
4.6
4.7
Antigua và Barbuda 0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.8
0.9
0.0
0.6
0.6
Argentina 3.4
4.0
4.2
3.8
3.5
3.5
3.3
3.2
3.3
3.2
3.1
3.3
3.4
3.1
3.7
3.2
3.1
3.6
3.6
3.3
Armenia 1.7
1.3
1.1
1.0
1.8
1.8
2.9
2.4
2.3
1.4
2.9
3.0
3.2
3.7
2.9
2.6
1.7
0.9
0.7
1.0
Úc 5.0
4.9
4.6
4.3
3.9
4.4
4.5
4.8
4.6
4.8
4.9
5.0
5.7
5.3
5.8
6.0
5.6
5.9
5.4
5.6
Áo 7.9
7.2
6.5
7.0
6.1
6.3
5.3
5.5
5.4
5.2
5.5
5.8
4.8
5.5
5.6
5.4
5.7
4.6
4.8
4.6
Azerbaijan 1.3
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.1
2.0
1.9
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
Bahamas 1.1
1.1
0.9
0.9
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.0
1.2
1.2
Bahrain 2.5
3.1
3.4
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.4
3.5
3.4
3.2
3.0
2.9
2.6
2.5
2.5
2.4
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
Bangladesh 3.5
3.3
3.3
3.1
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.8
2.7
2.6
2.5
2.3
2.2
2.0
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.7
1.7
Barbados 0.5
0.3
0.2
0.9
1.0
0.8
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
Belarus 9.5
9.5
10.0
9.5
9.7
10.0
9.5
8.7
8.6
8.9
8.3
8.6
7.3
6.8
6.3
5.9
6.0
5.7
5.6
5.3
Bỉ 10.1
9.4
9.3
9.2
8.8
8.8
9.2
8.2
8.8
9.3
9.2
9.8
8.7
8.8
8.8
8.3
8.5
8.6
8.5
8.4
Belize 2.9
2.5
2.6
2.4
2.5
2.1
2.1
1.9
1.7
2.0
2.1
2.1
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.7
1.7
1.8
Bénin 7.5
7.5
7.5
7.4
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.0
6.6
6.8
6.8
6.8
6.7
6.6
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.3
6.2
6.1
Bhutan 5.0
5.0
4.6
4.4
4.2
4.0
3.9
3.7
3.5
3.3
3.2
3.1
3.1
3.2
3.2
3.1
3.1
3.2
3.1
3.1
Bolivia 5.2
5.0
5.0
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.6
4.8
4.7
4.7
4.7
4.7
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.7
4.5
4.3
4.2
Bosna và Hercegovina 3.5
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.7
3.6
3.7
3.9
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.5
3.5
3.4
3.4
Botswana 20.6
20.2
19.2
18.5
18.6
20.1
18.5
17.8
16.5
12.2
10.5
10.9
10.4
10.0
10.7
10.3
9.6
9.2
8.9
7.8
Brasil 1.8
2.0
2.2
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.3
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.5
2.4
2.6
2.5
2.8
2.9
2.8
Brunei 0.4
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.6
0.9
1.1
1.4
1.1
1.1
0.6
0.0
1.2
1.5
1.5
0.6
0.7
1.0
1.0
0.8
Bulgaria 7.1
6.3
5.8
5.2
4.9
4.6
3.8
4.2
4.1
3.5
3.6
2.9
3.6
2.9
2.9
2.8
2.9
2.8
3.1
2.9
Burkina Faso 9.2
8.9
8.6
8.4
8.4
8.3
8.3
8.1
7.9
7.7
7.6
7.4
7.5
7.5
7.3
7.2
7.0
6.7
6.6
6.5
Burundi 13.6
13.0
12.6
12.0
11.5
11.2
10.8
10.0
9.3
9.0
8.7
8.4
7.9
7.7
7.4
7.1
6.9
6.6
6.4
6.4
Cabo Verde 6.8
6.7
6.5
6.3
6.1
6.1
6.2
6.1
6.1
6.1
5.9
5.8
5.9
5.8
5.7
5.6
5.5
5.3
5.2
5.1
Campuchia 5.0
4.9
4.7
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.3
4.2
3.9
3.7
3.6
3.5
3.5
3.4
3.3
3.2
3.2
3.1
3.1
3.1
Cameroon 9.7
9.8
9.7
9.7
9.5
10.2
10.3
9.8
9.7
9.6
9.4
9.2
8.7
9.1
8.8
8.3
7.9
7.6
7.5
7.6
Canada 5.0
5.0
4.9
5.2
5.2
5.3
4.7
5.1
5.1
5.0
5.5
5.2
5.3
5.5
5.9
6.0
5.5
5.8
5.5
5.4
Cộng hòa Trung Phi 14.6
13.7
13.7
13.0
12.4
11.9
12.3
11.9
11.6
12.4
12.3
12.0
11.2
10.9
10.4
10.4
9.6
9.6
9.5
9.3
Tchad 7.7
7.7
7.8
7.9
7.5
7.6
7.5
7.8
7.8
7.9
8.0
8.1
8.0
7.9
7.6
7.3
7.2
7.3
7.1
6.9
Chile 2.9
2.9
2.9
2.9
3.0
3.2
3.2
4.0
4.6
4.8
4.2
4.0
3.6
3.4
3.3
3.9
3.3
3.0
3.0
3.0
Trung Quốc 14.5
12.6
11.2
11.5
11.9
11.4
10.5
9.6
9.0
8.4
7.8
7.1
6.4
5.9
5.6
5.3
5.1
5.0
4.9
4.8
Colombia 2.6
2.5
2.3
2.5
2.2
2.0
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.8
1.6
1.8
1.7
1.7
Comoros 7.6
7.6
7.3
7.2
6.8
6.6
6.6
6.3
6.4
6.2
6.5
6.2
6.2
6.1
6.2
6.1
6.0
5.9
5.9
5.8
Cộng hòa Congo 14.1
12.4
11.5
11.0
11.3
11.1
11.2
10.8
10.3
10.7
10.4
9.7
9.7
9.0
8.5
7.5
7.1
6.8
6.4
6.1
Costa Rica 1.6
1.5
2.0
2.5
2.3
1.9
2.7
1.9
1.6
1.7
1.9
2.3
1.9
1.7
1.8
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.1
1.9
Bờ Biển Ngà 8.4
7.9
7.6
7.4
7.0
6.7
7.3
7.3
6.7
7.3
7.7
6.9
6.7
6.6
6.1
5.8
5.5
5.2
5.0
5.0
Croatia 6.9
6.6
6.9
5.7
7.3
7.0
6.6
6.0
5.5
4.7
5.9
5.6
5.4
4.8
6.0
5.8
5.0
5.0
5.1
5.1
Cuba 8.9
7.5
7.3
5.9
5.9
5.7
4.2
4.0
4.7
4.9
4.8
4.5
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.1
3.8
4.4
4.1
4.1
Síp 1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
0.4
1.2
2.0
1.4
2.7
1.2
1.9
0.8
0.7
1.1
2.6
1.8
1.1
0.9
1.4
1.1
Cộng hòa Séc 5.1
4.8
4.7
5.1
4.3
4.3
4.0
3.5
4.0
3.6
3.9
4.0
4.0
4.5
4.3
3.9
4.1
4.5
4.1
3.8
CHDCND Triều Tiên 8.9
8.6
8.4
8.1
7.8
7.6
7.5
7.5
7.6
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.3
7.3
7.2
7.3
7.1
6.7
6.3
6.3
Cộng hòa Dân chủ Congo 5.7
5.8
5.7
5.9
6.0
6.0
6.0
5.9
5.8
5.9
5.8
5.7
5.5
5.3
5.3
5.1
5.0
4.9
5.0
5.0
Đan Mạch 6.4
6.9
6.0
5.2
6.9
6.3
6.7
5.9
6.2
4.4
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.8
4.6
4.9
4.4
4.8
4.5
4.2
Djibouti 7.5
7.3
7.5
7.6
7.6
7.5
7.2
7.2
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.6
7.6
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.7
7.6
Cộng hòa Dominica 1.6
1.6
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.0
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.0
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.3
2.4
2.4
2.2
2.0
1.9
Ecuador 4.2
4.4
4.9
5.1
5.5
5.6
5.8
5.6
5.5
5.5
5.4
5.2
5.1
4.8
4.5
4.2
4.3
4.2
3.8
3.6
Ai Cập 2.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.5
2.5
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.3
2.5
2.3
2.3
2.4
2.3
2.2
2.2
2.2
El Salvador 3.4
3.8
3.2
3.3
2.7
2.7
2.1
2.5
2.6
2.4
2.1
2.7
2.6
2.3
2.6
2.1
2.2
2.2
2.1
2.1
Guinea Xích Đạo 7.8
7.4
7.0
7.2
7.2
7.3
8.2
8.3
8.8
9.6
9.7
9.1
8.7
8.3
8.9
10.0
9.6
8.6
8.5
8.8
Eritrea 9.6
9.4
9.4
8.8
9.0
9.3
9.6
9.5
9.9
9.8
9.6
9.4
9.3
9.1
8.9
8.9
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.3
Estonia 9.6
8.3
7.8
6.9
7.1
5.7
5.8
4.6
6.0
4.9
4.6
4.4
4.9
4.4
5.2
3.8
4.8
6.3
4.5
4.5
Eswatini 20.9
23.3
27.2
29.5
30.7
31.7
33.1
34.7
34.6
33.1
29.1
24.8
23.7
20.9
16.4
11.9
9.1
7.0
5.8
6.4
Ethiopia 11.2
10.8
10.5
10.2
9.9
9.6
9.2
8.9
8.7
8.2
7.6
7.1
6.3
5.7
5.5
5.5
5.3
5.3
5.2
5.2
Fiji 8.2
7.8
7.9
7.5
7.1
6.8
6.3
6.2
6.6
6.7
6.4
6.3
6.3
6.2
6.2
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.0
Phần Lan 10.4
9.0
9.0
8.6
8.6
9.1
8.4
8.0
8.5
9.4
7.8
7.1
7.3
7.7
6.7
5.4
6.1
8.0
7.2
6.8
Pháp 8.3
8.1
8.4
8.2
8.3
7.8
7.6
7.3
7.2
7.2
7.2
6.8
6.6
6.2
5.7
5.3
5.0
4.9
4.7
4.5
Gabon 7.5
7.2
6.6
6.6
6.1
6.1
7.0
6.4
6.6
5.7
5.6
5.3
4.2
4.0
4.9
4.8
4.4
4.1
4.0
3.8
Gambia 7.1
7.2
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.2
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.9
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.0
6.9
6.7
6.5
6.3
6.3
6.2
Gruzia 2.2
2.2
2.8
2.4
2.4
2.0
1.8
1.9
2.2
2.7
2.1
2.2
2.1
2.3
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.3
2.3
2.2
Đức 5.3
5.2
5.4
5.2
4.8
4.7
4.5
4.2
4.3
4.2
4.5
4.3
4.6
4.6
4.5
4.7
4.3
3.9
4.0
3.9
Ghana 2.9
3.1
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.1
3.0
2.8
2.7
2.6
2.4
2.2
2.1
2.0
1.8
1.8
Hy Lạp 1.2
0.7
0.9
1.0
0.9
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.9
0.8
0.6
1.3
1.4
1.6
1.7
1.5
1.3
1.5
1.5
1.5
Grenada 0.6
0.8
0.5
0.5
0.9
0.8
1.6
0.6
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.5
0.8
0.3
0.9
0.6
0.7
0.7
Guatemala 4.1
4.4
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.6
4.3
3.9
3.7
3.7
3.4
3.1
3.0
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.8
2.7
2.6
2.5
Guinée 6.7
6.7
6.9
6.9
7.0
7.0
7.4
7.7
7.7
7.9
8.2
8.4
8.4
8.6
8.3
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.0
8.0
Guiné-Bissau 8.8
8.6
8.5
8.3
8.2
8.0
7.9
8.0
8.1
8.0
7.9
7.8
7.5
7.6
7.4
7.2
7.1
7.0
6.8
6.7
Guyana 14.5
15.5
14.6
16.8
16.0
15.1
15.8
15.8
15.3
19.5
15.8
14.8
15.9
17.1
13.6
15.9
16.1
16.3
16.7
17.0
Haiti 11.1
10.8
10.6
10.5
10.0
10.5
10.5
10.7
10.5
10.6
10.8
10.1
9.6
9.4
9.3
9.1
8.7
8.3
8.2
8.0
Honduras 1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
Hungary 11.0
9.4
9.1
8.3
8.8
8.1
8.4
7.5
7.7
7.9
7.6
7.7
7.5
7.0
6.3
6.5
6.1
5.3
5.3
5.5
Iceland 6.0
5.9
5.7
5.3
6.9
7.5
6.7
9.0
7.8
7.6
5.3
4.8
8.0
6.4
8.1
5.2
4.0
2.3
3.5
3.5
Ấn Độ 17.4
16.9
15.9
14.8
14.2
14.2
14.0
13.4
13.1
12.8
13.2
13.1
12.5
12.1
11.3
11.1
10.8
10.7
11.1
11.1
Indonesia 2.1
2.0
2.0
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
Iran 5.9
5.7
5.5
5.0
4.7
4.4
4.1
4.2
3.9
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5
3.3
3.1
3.0
3.0
2.9
2.8
Iraq 3.4
3.4
3.4
3.2
3.1
3.1
3.0
2.9
2.9
3.1
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.1
3.0
2.9
2.8
2.7
2.5
2.4
Ireland 4.4
4.2
4.3
5.0
3.7
4.5
4.2
4.6
5.5
5.1
4.9
4.2
4.4
4.3
3.8
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.6
Israel 2.8
2.3
2.8
2.2
2.6
3.5
2.6
2.0
1.7
2.6
2.4
2.3
2.2
2.4
2.3
1.9
1.9
2.3
2.2
2.1
Ý 2.7
2.5
2.4
2.5
2.4
2.3
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.4
2.2
1.9
2.2
2.1
2.1
Jamaica 0.9
0.9
0.8
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
Nhật Bản 9.6
9.3
9.3
10.1
9.6
9.9
10.2
10.5
10.6
10.5
10.3
11.0
9.7
9.5
9.1
8.4
7.7
7.6
7.9
6.9
Jordan 2.4
2.3
2.2
2.2
2.1
1.9
1.7
1.4
1.2
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
Kazakhstan 11.4
11.5
11.8
12.0
11.9
11.8
11.7
11.7
11.5
10.4
10.1
9.7
9.3
9.0
8.5
8.2
7.9
7.8
7.3
6.9
Kenya 8.2
7.6
7.1
6.7
5.7
6.0
6.0
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.2
5.6
5.5
5.7
5.5
5.3
5.0
5.0
5.2
5.3
Kiribati 11.1
10.9
10.7
10.4
10.3
10.2
10.1
10.3
10.4
10.4
10.3
10.3
10.2
10.2
10.0
9.9
9.8
9.7
9.3
9.5
Kuwait 1.5
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
Kyrgyzstan 5.5
4.9
5.3
5.1
4.8
5.1
5.0
4.9
4.8
4.9
4.8
4.9
4.6
4.3
4.4
4.2
4.0
3.8
3.7
3.5
Lào 6.5
6.4
6.1
5.8
5.6
5.5
5.2
5.0
4.8
4.6
4.4
4.3
4.0
3.9
3.8
3.7
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.5
Latvia 9.4
8.4
9.5
8.4
6.7
6.7
4.8
5.6
6.7
6.5
4.0
4.9
4.9
4.5
5.2
5.5
5.5
5.5
2.8
4.6
Liban 2.4
2.3
2.2
2.2
2.1
2.0
1.9
2.0
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.7
Lesotho 16.0
15.4
15.9
17.9
18.0
17.2
22.1
22.4
30.7
30.8
30.7
34.9
40.7
44.2
46.3
45.9
41.9
35.8
34.6
34.6
Liberia 6.7
6.5
6.6
6.7
7.3
6.9
7.0
7.3
7.3
6.9
6.9
7.1
6.9
6.8
6.9
6.3
6.2
6.2
5.9
5.5
Libya 3.3
3.2
3.1
2.9
2.6
2.6
2.6
3.3
3.4
3.9
3.6
3.2
3.3
3.1
3.2
3.1
3.0
3.2
3.3
2.9
Litva 15.3
13.0
10.7
12.2
12.3
10.9
9.2
8.5
9.4
9.3
9.6
10.5
9.0
11.0
8.2
8.9
6.6
8.1
6.3
6.2
Luxembourg 7.1
7.0
6.2
7.5
4.2
5.0
6.0
6.2
6.2
5.1
4.9
5.6
5.5
5.1
7.4
6.2
4.6
4.5
4.9
5.4
Madagascar 6.1
6.0
6.2
6.3
6.3
6.1
6.1
6.0
5.9
5.9
5.9
5.9
5.7
5.7
5.7
5.6
5.5
5.5
5.4
5.4
Malawi 8.4
7.7
6.9
6.4
5.9
5.6
6.1
6.6
6.7
7.0
7.0
6.0
5.2
4.6
4.3
4.2
4.0
3.8
3.5
3.3
Malaysia 3.1
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.8
2.8
2.7
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
Maldives 2.3
2.1
1.9
1.7
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.0
1.0
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.9
0.9
Mali 7.2
7.1
7.0
6.8
6.7
6.8
6.6
6.6
6.6
6.6
6.4
6.4
6.4
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.1
5.8
5.8
5.7
Malta 2.4
4.0
2.7
2.9
2.5
2.1
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.3
1.1
1.4
1.5
2.8
2.5
2.8
2.2
2.0
2.2
2.3
Mauritanie 4.9
4.8
4.6
4.5
4.5
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.0
4.0
3.9
3.9
3.9
3.9
3.8
3.9
3.9
Mauritius 4.9
6.2
4.7
4.0
3.8
4.0
4.1
5.2
1.9
3.5
3.0
3.8
4.5
2.8
3.9
3.8
2.6
4.3
4.2
2.5
México 1.1
1.4
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.7
2.0
1.9
2.0
2.3
2.3
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.2
Micronesia 13.0
12.5
11.8
11.9
12.1
12.3
12.2
12.0
12.0
12.1
12.1
12.3
12.4
12.4
12.4
12.9
12.7
12.8
13.1
13.2
Mông Cổ 10.2
9.7
9.1
9.1
8.9
8.6
8.2
7.7
7.6
7.8
7.7
7.4
7.2
7.0
6.5
6.5
6.3
6.0
5.9
5.6
Montenegro 9.8
9.4
9.5
9.8
9.7
9.3
9.3
8.6
8.6
8.6
8.2
8.3
8.5
8.2
8.4
8.4
8.1
8.1
8.1
7.9
Maroc 8.0
7.8
7.7
7.5
7.4
7.2
7.1
7.0
6.8
6.7
6.5
6.3
6.1
5.8
5.6
5.3
5.1
5.0
4.8
4.7
Mozambique 8.8
8.6
8.4
8.3
8.3
8.3
8.2
8.0
8.8
9.7
10.2
10.6
11.1
10.6
9.3
9.1
8.7
8.6
8.8
8.9
Myanmar 2.6
2.5
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.3
2.2
2.1
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.1
Namibia 11.4
10.9
10.7
9.9
8.2
9.3
9.7
8.9
7.0
7.0
6.4
5.1
4.5
4.8
6.1
7.0
6.1
5.3
4.3
4.4
Nepal 2.8
2.6
2.8
2.8
2.7
2.9
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.1
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.9
Hà Lan 5.2
5.1
5.2
5.0
5.0
5.2
5.0
4.1
4.5
4.5
4.7
5.2
5.6
5.6
5.9
6.0
5.9
6.0
6.4
6.1
New Zealand 4.4
6.5
6.1
7.1
5.7
6.1
6.6
5.5
6.1
5.1
6.8
5.3
6.5
6.8
5.3
6.2
6.0
6.3
5.6
5.4
Nicaragua 3.6
3.3
2.8
3.1
2.7
2.1
2.1
2.4
2.7
2.9
2.4
2.9
2.5
2.4
2.2
2.2
1.7
2.1
2.2
1.9
Niger 6.7
6.8
6.7
6.8
6.6
6.7
6.6
6.7
6.6
6.6
6.6
6.6
6.7
6.7
6.7
6.6
6.5
6.4
6.4
6.4
Nigeria 5.1
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.1
5.1
5.0
4.8
4.7
4.5
4.4
4.3
4.1
4.0
3.9
3.9
3.8
3.8
Bắc Macedonia 4.9
4.1
4.9
4.4
5.5
4.1
4.1
4.2
4.2
3.8
3.2
2.8
4.9
3.0
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.5
3.5
3.5
Norway 6.1
6.6
6.0
5.9
7.6
7.4
6.4
6.0
6.5
6.5
6.6
6.7
5.7
6.8
5.5
7.1
7.3
6.6
6.4
6.3
Oman 2.0
1.9
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.8
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.1
Pakistan 5.7
5.8
5.9
5.9
5.9
5.7
5.7
5.6
5.4
5.2
5.2
5.1
5.0
5.0
5.0
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.8
4.8
Panama 1.5
1.7
2.3
1.3
2.0
1.6
0.8
1.2
2.0
1.5
1.1
1.2
0.9
0.7
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.9
1.0
1.0
Papua New Guinea 1.4
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.9
1.9
1.9
Paraguay 2.5
2.5
3.1
2.0
2.9
3.3
2.8
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.2
2.7
3.1
2.7
3.8
3.2
2.9
3.4
3.2
3.3
Perú 2.4
2.1
2.1
2.1
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.6
1.6
1.9
2.0
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
Philippines 1.1
0.9
1.1
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.5
1.5
1.8
1.5
1.5
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
Ba Lan 4.7
4.0
4.6
4.1
4.2
4.2
3.9
3.7
3.8
4.3
3.7
3.4
3.5
3.7
3.7
3.3
2.7
2.7
2.5
2.4
Bồ Đào Nha 2.1
2.8
3.8
3.8
3.4
3.5
3.4
4.3
3.8
3.7
4.2
3.4
3.2
3.6
4.4
4.8
3.2
3.9
3.8
3.5
Qatar 2.6
2.5
2.5
2.2
2.0
2.0
2.3
2.6
2.3
2.2
2.1
2.1
2.0
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.7
Hàn Quốc 8.2
8.6
10.6
13.2
13.8
15.3
13.0
16.5
17.0
20.2
18.6
17.4
15.1
14.4
13.2
12.5
12.2
11.2
12.4
13.4
Moldova 4.2
5.4
5.2
4.5
5.1
4.9
4.9
4.3
5.3
4.8
5.0
3.7
5.2
4.5
3.9
4.7
3.9
3.3
3.0
3.3
România 3.7
3.1
3.9
3.7
3.2
3.2
3.4
3.2
3.1
2.9
3.4
2.8
2.7
2.8
2.3
2.5
2.3
2.5
2.5
2.4
Nga 13.4
13.1
13.1
12.9
12.5
12.5
11.4
10.9
10.7
10.4
10.3
9.8
9.4
9.1
9.1
9.0
8.7
8.0
7.8
7.2
Rwanda 14.0
12.8
11.8
10.5
9.2
8.8
8.6
8.2
7.7
7.1
6.7
6.3
6.0
5.7
5.6
5.5
5.3
5.2
5.1
5.0
Saint Lucia 2.1
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.6
1.7
1.5
1.6
1.5
1.7
1.6
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
Saint Vincent và Grenadines 0.5
1.3
1.5
1.3
1.4
2.4
1.6
1.1
0.5
0.6
0.5
1.9
3.9
1.0
0.5
0.9
0.8
0.0
0.7
0.7
Samoa 7.8
7.9
7.7
7.6
7.4
7.5
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.1
7.8
7.9
7.9
7.7
8.0
8.0
8.0
7.8
7.9
7.8
São Tomé và Príncipe 1.4
1.5
1.5
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
Ả Rập Xê Út 1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.9
2.1
2.5
2.6
2.5
2.4
2.3
2.2
2.1
2.0
1.9
Sénégal 6.8
6.6
6.5
6.5
6.4
6.4
6.2
5.9
5.9
5.8
5.9
5.9
6.0
6.0
5.9
5.7
5.5
5.4
5.3
5.2
Serbia 10.1
8.9
8.6
8.3
8.2
8.4
7.7
7.0
7.3
7.2
5.6
6.5
6.0
6.0
5.5
5.6
5.2
0.4
3.9
3.9
Seychelles 1.7
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.3
Sierra Leone 6.5
6.8
7.0
7.3
7.1
7.1
7.6
7.8
8.0
8.1
8.4
8.3
8.3
8.0
7.6
7.4
7.8
7.9
8.1
8.2
Singapore 7.8
7.7
8.9
8.2
7.5
6.5
7.2
7.1
5.8
5.4
5.7
5.6
6.7
5.0
4.5
5.0
5.2
5.1
5.0
6.4
Slovakia 4.3
3.8
3.3
3.3
3.8
3.1
3.1
3.2
2.8
2.1
3.1
2.7
2.5
2.6
2.8
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.6
Slovenia 12.6
9.5
8.6
8.9
11.5
8.2
8.4
7.5
6.2
6.4
5.1
6.0
5.4
5.5
4.3
5.9
5.1
5.3
5.5
5.5
Quần đảo Solomon 2.1
2.0
2.1
2.2
1.8
2.1
2.1
2.4
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.4
2.4
Somalia 7.9
7.5
7.6
7.8
7.9
7.9
7.6
7.5
7.6
7.5
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.4
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.1
Nam Phi 11.6
11.9
13.0
13.6
13.3
12.7
12.0
12.6
13.9
13.9
13.1
11.7
10.8
10.3
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.3
9.8
9.8
Nam Sudan 3.9
3.7
3.6
3.7
3.7
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.4
3.4
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.4
Tây Ban Nha 3.0
2.8
3.0
3.0
3.1
2.8
2.5
2.7
2.6
2.5
2.2
2.4
2.6
3.1
3.2
2.9
2.8
3.0
2.9
2.8
Sri Lanka 14.0
10.0
9.6
10.0
9.6
18.4
7.9
8.7
8.0
8.7
11.5
7.5
7.1
6.7
5.1
6.7
6.6
6.4
6.3
6.1
Sudan 4.0
3.8
3.8
3.7
3.6
3.8
3.7
3.6
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.6
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
Suriname 11.8
12.6
12.2
11.8
11.7
11.7
11.8
11.9
12.1
12.1
12.1
11.6
11.6
11.8
11.7
11.8
11.8
11.7
11.9
11.8
Thụy Điển 7.5
7.5
6.8
7.3
6.5
8.2
8.1
7.1
7.2
7.7
6.8
7.2
7.4
8.1
7.9
7.8
7.5
7.8
8.1
7.7
Thụy Sĩ 8.6
8.5
9.7
8.5
8.6
8.5
9.1
8.7
8.8
6.6
6.2
5.8
6.0
6.1
6.0
6.0
5.5
5.9
5.7
5.7
Syria 0.9
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.8
Tajikistan 2.9
2.9
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.8
2.7
2.8
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.6
3.5
3.4
3.4
Thái Lan 7.1
6.0
5.7
5.2
4.5
3.9
3.8
3.6
3.4
3.3
3.2
3.0
2.9
2.7
2.6
2.5
2.5
2.4
2.4
2.3
Đông Timor 3.3
3.5
3.2
3.2
2.8
2.8
2.4
2.3
2.1
2.8
2.5
2.6
2.5
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.3
2.4
2.4
Togo 8.6
8.8
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.1
9.4
9.2
8.9
8.6
8.5
8.5
8.3
8.1
7.9
7.7
7.2
6.7
6.5
6.5
Tonga 3.6
3.6
3.4
3.4
3.3
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.5
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.5
3.4
3.2
3.2
3.1
2.9
Trinidad và Tobago 6.3
6.4
5.3
4.9
4.5
4.6
4.2
3.7
4.6
4.0
4.5
3.9
4.7
4.5
4.3
4.3
4.2
4.1
3.8
3.7
Tunisia 2.6
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.5
2.4
2.4
2.3
2.2
2.2
2.1
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.9
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ 1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.2
Turkmenistan 4.6
5.0
5.5
5.1
5.6
5.7
5.9
5.3
4.8
4.3
4.0
4.0
3.7
3.9
3.5
3.4
3.2
3.0
2.9
2.9
Uganda 8.6
8.3
8.0
7.8
7.9
8.3
8.1
6.7
5.8
5.7
5.3
5.2
4.3
3.9
3.8
3.9
4.0
3.6
3.5
3.7
Ukraina 8.5
7.8
7.6
7.3
7.0
7.0
6.5
6.5
6.5
5.7
5.5
5.1
5.1
5.2
5.3
4.9
4.7
4.5
4.6
4.7
Các Tiểu vương quốc Ả Rập Thống nhất 4.7
4.6
4.2
4.0
3.8
3.7
3.6
3.4
3.3
3.2
3.1
3.1
3.0
3.0
2.8
2.7
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.6
Anh Quốc 3.6
3.2
3.4
3.3
3.5
3.4
3.1
2.9
3.2
3.1
3.2
3.4
3.1
3.2
3.5
3.7
3.5
3.5
3.4
3.4
Tanzania 8.1
7.4
6.7
6.2
5.7
5.3
5.3
5.6
6.2
5.8
5.2
5.3
4.5
4.2
4.0
3.9
4.0
3.9
3.7
3.7
United States 4.0
4.1
4.3
4.4
4.7
4.6
4.7
4.9
5.0
5.0
5.2
5.4
5.4
5.5
5.8
6.1
6.3
6.5
6.6
6.8
Uruguay 5.1
5.9
7.4
6.6
5.8
6.0
6.9
7.2
5.6
5.3
6.4
6.5
6.3
6.2
7.0
6.7
8.3
7.5
7.4
7.7
Uzbekistan 4.8
4.9
4.9
4.7
4.5
4.6
4.5
4.4
4.3
4.2
4.3
4.6
5.1
5.1
5.2
5.4
5.5
5.3
5.2
4.9
Vanuatu 10.1
9.9
9.9
9.7
9.3
8.9
9.5
9.3
9.1
9.7
9.5
9.2
9.3
9.3
8.9
9.0
8.8
8.8
8.9
9.0
Venezuela 1.7
1.8
1.9
1.8
1.6
1.5
1.3
1.3
1.1
1.1
1.1
0.9
1.0
0.8
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.7
Việt Nam 5.2
5.0
4.9
4.8
4.7
4.6
4.5
4.5
4.4
4.3
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.3
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.2
Yemen 6.5
6.5
6.2
6.1
6.2
6.0
5.9
5.8
5.9
5.8
5.5
5.4
5.5
5.4
5.2
5.0
5.1
5.1
5.3
5.3
Zambia 14.5
13.4
12.6
11.4
11.9
11.4
11.0
9.2
8.2
8.4
9.2
9.2
8.7
8.5
7.9
7.1
6.7
6.6
6.0
5.3
Zimbabwe 14.2
13.0
13.5
13.7
15.7
15.2
18.2
21.8
25.5
26.9
23.9
21.8
20.9
21.3
21.1
19.2
17.7
15.0
13.5
13.5
Quốc gia
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
Afghanistan 7.7
7.9
7.9
7.7
7.8
7.6
7.6
7.4
7.2
6.8
6.7
6.4
6.2
6.2
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
5.9
6.0
Albania 5.2
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.9
7.7
7.8
8.1
8.1
8.0
7.6
7.6
4.8
4.8
4.5
4.2
4.2
4.1
3.9
3.7
Algérie 4.7
4.6
4.4
4.1
4.0
3.8
3.7
3.5
3.3
3.2
3.0
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.8
2.7
2.6
2.5
2.6
2.6
Angola 17.6
17.5
17.2
17.5
17.2
16.3
17.1
15.0
15.3
13.6
14.2
13.5
14.2
14.2
13.1
13.3
12.9
12.4
12.4
12.6
Antigua và Barbuda 2.0
1.9
1.3
1.4
2.0
1.3
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.0
0.3
0.3
Argentina 9.2
10.3
10.3
9.7
8.7
8.5
8.5
8.2
8.6
8.4
8.4
8.4
9.0
8.5
9.2
8.1
8.1
8.7
9.0
8.1
Armenia 3.3
3.1
3.1
2.5
3.6
3.8
5.4
5.0
4.2
4.1
5.9
5.7
6.4
5.3
4.6
4.7
4.4
2.4
1.7
2.7
Úc 11.8
11.2
10.4
9.6
9.2
10.1
9.5
9.8
10.4
10.0
10.4
10.1
10.5
10.2
11.3
11.8
10.9
11.8
11.3
11.3
Áo 15.8
14.7
15.1
14.2
13.6
13.3
12.5
12.2
11.7
11.9
12.2
12.3
11.8
11.5
12.0
11.4
11.1
10.8
11.2
10.4
Azerbaijan 3.4
3.7
3.9
4.0
4.5
4.7
4.9
5.0
4.8
4.6
4.5
4.4
4.3
4.2
4.1
4.0
3.9
3.9
3.9
4.0
Bahamas 2.5
2.7
2.4
2.5
3.3
3.2
3.6
3.3
3.4
3.4
3.7
3.8
3.6
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.3
3.4
3.4
Bahrain 7.0
8.9
9.2
9.9
9.8
9.6
7.8
8.7
8.3
7.7
7.2
6.9
6.4
6.2
6.4
6.3
6.5
6.7
7.0
7.2
Bangladesh 6.9
6.5
6.1
5.8
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.5
5.3
5.1
4.8
4.3
4.0
3.8
3.7
3.6
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
Barbados 2.6
1.5
0.3
0.8
1.0
2.2
1.3
1.3
0.7
1.1
1.2
0.6
0.2
0.1
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
Belarus 37.3
38.3
38.7
37.1
36.1
37.2
34.8
30.9
30.6
30.4
29.9
30.2
24.6
22.8
21.6
19.6
19.4
18.5
17.9
16.5
Bỉ 18.3
18.4
17.1
17.9
16.7
16.7
16.6
15.1
16.6
16.7
16.5
16.7
16.4
15.4
15.1
14.4
15.0
14.6
14.3
13.9
Belize 10.0
8.2
8.1
8.2
8.8
7.1
7.2
6.7
5.7
7.5
8.2
7.9
7.4
6.8
6.9
6.9
6.7
7.7
7.2
7.7
Bénin 14.7
14.8
14.9
14.8
14.8
14.7
14.6
14.3
14.0
14.2
14.1
14.1
13.9
13.8
13.6
13.4
13.3
13.1
13.0
12.7
Bhutan 6.9
6.8
6.5
6.4
6.1
6.0
5.9
5.7
5.5
5.4
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
Bolivia 8.4
8.1
7.9
7.7
7.5
7.4
7.0
7.2
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.1
6.9
6.9
7.0
7.2
7.4
7.2
7.0
6.8
Bosna và Hercegovina 8.1
8.4
8.5
8.5
8.4
9.0
8.8
9.4
8.7
8.5
8.3
8.4
8.1
8.2
8.2
8.3
8.1
8.1
8.2
8.3
Botswana 46.3
44.7
42.2
40.3
40.9
43.4
40.9
37.4
36.1
32.1
31.2
29.1
29.0
27.8
25.3
24.5
22.9
22.3
22.1
20.2
Brasil 4.5
4.9
4.8
4.7
4.7
5.0
4.9
5.1
5.2
5.2
5.0
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.4
5.6
5.7
6.2
6.5
6.4
Brunei 1.7
1.3
1.5
1.6
1.8
1.9
2.4
2.2
1.8
1.6
1.1
1.7
2.2
1.8
1.7
1.6
2.4
3.3
3.0
2.5
Bulgaria 14.0
13.2
13.0
11.2
10.5
9.6
9.5
8.6
9.2
8.5
8.5
7.9
8.8
7.4
7.1
6.8
6.6
6.7
6.6
6.5
Burkina Faso 16.9
16.4
15.9
15.8
15.8
15.9
15.9
15.9
15.7
15.7
15.8
15.6
16.1
16.1
15.7
15.4
15.2
14.8
14.7
14.4
Burundi 23.4
21.6
20.5
19.4
18.5
17.9
17.5
16.5
15.7
15.2
14.9
14.5
14.1
13.8
13.1
12.8
12.6
12.5
12.3
12.1
Cabo Verde 18.2
18.0
18.1
18.1
18.3
18.5
18.2
18.1
18.3
18.4
18.4
18.2
18.0
17.5
16.9
16.7
16.5
16.2
16.0
15.2
Campuchia 6.8
6.8
6.6
6.5
6.6
6.8
6.9
6.9
6.7
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
6.0
5.8
5.8
5.8
5.6
5.6
5.5
Cameroon 19.1
19.4
19.2
19.5
19.4
20.6
20.9
20.4
20.1
20.0
19.5
19.4
19.2
18.7
17.9
17.1
16.6
16.1
15.9
15.9
Canada 10.7
10.9
10.5
10.9
10.3
10.6
9.6
9.9
9.9
10.2
10.3
9.6
10.1
10.2
10.9
11.2
10.4
11.7
10.5
10.3
Cộng hòa Trung Phi 32.5
30.7
30.4
29.1
28.0
27.2
28.1
27.7
27.3
28.5
28.1
27.6
26.6
27.0
27.6
26.3
25.3
25.7
23.6
23.0
Tchad 15.7
15.8
15.8
16.0
15.7
15.6
15.6
15.9
15.7
15.8
16.0
15.9
15.6
15.1
14.6
14.0
13.7
13.8
13.6
13.2
Chile 10.5
10.4
9.7
9.7
10.0
9.5
9.7
10.6
11.8
12.1
11.0
11.0
9.9
9.2
9.1
9.2
9.2
8.4
8.0
8.0
Trung Quốc 14.9
13.3
12.5
13.0
13.4
12.8
11.9
11.1
10.6
10.1
9.6
8.8
8.1
7.7
7.4
7.1
7.0
6.9
6.8
6.7
Colombia 5.3
5.2
4.9
4.8
4.7
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.2
3.9
3.7
3.8
3.6
3.7
4.0
4.1
4.5
3.9
3.7
Comoros 10.9
10.6
10.2
9.8
9.3
9.1
9.1
8.9
9.0
8.6
9.0
8.5
8.6
8.5
8.9
8.8
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.5
Cộng hòa Congo 24.7
21.9
19.8
18.4
18.3
17.4
17.2
16.6
16.0
16.3
15.8
15.3
15.5
14.5
13.5
12.5
12.3
11.9
11.6
11.6
Costa Rica 6.9
5.6
7.3
8.1
8.4
6.7
8.4
5.6
5.5
5.6
6.8
6.7
6.3
6.4
5.4
6.4
7.3
5.8
6.8
7.6
Bờ Biển Ngà 24.0
22.9
22.1
21.7
21.2
20.3
20.5
20.3
19.0
19.4
20.0
19.6
19.7
19.5
18.5
17.7
17.0
16.4
15.9
15.7
Croatia 16.3
15.3
14.9
15.1
15.1
15.0
13.7
13.4
13.4
13.2
13.2
11.8
13.1
12.3
12.4
12.2
11.5
10.9
11.1
11.0
Cuba 15.6
13.7
12.9
12.0
12.0
11.1
10.6
9.9
10.4
11.1
11.4
11.1
10.7
10.6
10.2
10.4
9.7
10.5
10.2
10.2
Síp 1.9
2.0
2.0
2.1
0.8
2.3
3.2
2.8
5.6
4.0
4.6
3.7
4.9
5.1
4.8
4.2
4.2
3.3
3.6
3.2
Cộng hòa Séc 13.4
13.2
12.4
13.7
13.1
12.6
11.5
11.2
11.3
11.8
11.9
12.9
13.1
12.8
11.7
10.5
10.3
11.2
10.8
9.5
CHDCND Triều Tiên 10.3
9.9
9.8
9.4
9.2
9.0
9.0
8.9
9.2
9.1
9.2
9.2
9.1
9.1
9.1
9.5
9.2
8.7
8.2
8.2
Cộng hòa Dân chủ Congo 14.5
14.4
14.2
14.4
14.2
14.1
13.9
13.4
13.4
13.6
13.5
13.3
13.0
12.8
12.6
12.3
12.1
12.0
12.4
12.4
Đan Mạch 12.5
12.3
11.2
10.3
11.1
11.1
11.2
9.5
10.0
9.8
8.9
9.7
9.8
9.0
9.1
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.2
7.6
Djibouti 12.1
11.7
12.0
12.1
12.1
12.0
11.7
11.5
11.4
11.5
11.7
11.8
11.9
12.1
12.2
11.9
12.1
12.3
12.2
11.9
Cộng hòa Dominica 4.9
4.8
4.9
5.3
5.3
5.6
5.6
5.7
5.6
5.6
5.4
5.5
5.8
6.1
6.6
6.8
6.8
6.0
5.5
5.1
Ecuador 6.8
7.3
8.4
8.9
9.4
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.8
10.8
10.2
10.0
10.3
9.7
8.9
8.9
9.1
9.3
8.1
7.7
Ai Cập 3.6
3.8
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.6
3.6
3.5
3.5
3.6
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.8
3.7
3.7
3.6
3.4
3.4
3.4
El Salvador 6.7
7.4
5.9
7.2
7.3
8.2
7.0
8.5
7.3
9.0
6.4
8.0
7.0
6.7
6.0
6.8
5.8
6.2
6.1
6.1
Guinea Xích Đạo 19.4
17.6
15.8
15.3
14.6
14.1
14.4
14.2
13.9
13.9
15.3
16.6
15.5
13.8
14.2
15.3
15.0
13.2
14.1
13.5
Eritrea 23.4
22.5
22.1
20.7
20.9
20.9
21.2
20.8
21.3
20.9
20.5
20.2
19.7
19.2
18.9
18.7
18.3
18.0
17.8
17.3
Estonia 25.0
26.1
25.8
22.3
23.1
19.1
16.8
17.5
16.2
19.2
15.4
14.7
17.2
14.9
16.2
13.4
12.5
15.2
11.6
12.0
Eswatini 40.6
45.1
51.1
55.4
57.9
60.1
64.9
74.1
75.8
75.1
70.5
66.0
66.3
62.0
54.6
49.2
46.2
42.9
40.1
40.5
Ethiopia 18.4
17.5
16.9
16.3
15.8
15.3
14.9
14.5
14.2
13.7
13.1
12.4
11.3
10.4
10.0
10.0
9.8
9.6
9.5
9.5
Fiji 11.7
11.4
11.0
10.5
10.0
10.2
9.9
10.1
10.2
10.2
10.1
10.3
10.5
10.5
10.3
10.0
10.0
9.9
9.7
9.5
Phần Lan 21.7
21.2
19.2
18.9
18.9
16.9
18.2
17.0
18.1
17.9
16.4
15.7
14.9
15.0
13.7
12.1
13.3
14.4
14.4
13.4
Pháp 15.8
15.4
15.6
15.7
15.3
14.8
14.4
13.8
14.0
14.1
13.9
13.6
13.4
12.5
11.4
11.5
10.7
10.4
10.0
9.7
Gabon 19.4
18.3
16.9
16.6
15.2
15.7
16.3
16.0
17.3
15.9
15.8
15.8
14.0
13.6
15.4
15.2
14.6
13.8
13.6
13.1
Gambia 11.1
11.3
11.5
11.5
11.6
11.4
11.4
11.2
11.2
10.9
10.6
11.0
10.8
10.7
10.6
10.3
9.9
9.8
9.6
9.6
Gruzia 6.6
6.1
7.3
5.7
6.4
5.5
5.3
5.2
6.5
7.4
7.0
7.2
7.7
8.2
8.6
8.8
9.0
8.1
7.9
7.7
Đức 11.2
11.1
11.0
10.8
10.4
9.8
9.3
8.9
9.1
9.1
9.5
9.3
9.0
9.2
9.2
9.0
8.8
8.3
8.5
8.3
Ghana 9.8
10.5
11.0
11.4
11.9
12.2
12.3
12.4
12.9
13.0
13.3
13.1
13.0
12.8
12.4
12.0
11.7
11.3
10.8
10.5
Hy Lạp 2.9
2.5
2.3
2.7
2.5
2.9
2.9
2.5
2.6
2.9
2.7
3.5
3.7
4.0
4.0
3.8
3.4
3.8
3.7
3.6
Grenada 2.1
0.4
3.4
2.6
4.9
3.2
4.9
1.9
2.1
0.5
0.7
1.6
1.6
1.1
0.5
0.6
0.9
0.7
0.3
0.6
Guatemala 13.5
14.1
13.7
13.9
13.9
14.2
13.3
10.4
9.9
9.5
8.7
7.6
7.0
6.7
6.4
6.4
6.2
6.0
6.3
6.2
Guinée 9.7
9.8
10.1
10.2
10.4
10.4
11.1
11.7
11.7
11.9
12.5
12.8
12.9
13.2
13.0
13.0
12.8
12.5
12.2
12.3
Guiné-Bissau 17.5
17.2
16.7
16.3
16.2
15.6
15.5
15.5
15.5
15.6
15.4
15.1
14.7
14.8
14.1
13.1
13.1
13.1
12.9
12.4
Guyana 35.8
39.9
39.8
38.1
37.3
35.6
35.0
35.1
33.7
36.3
36.4
35.3
37.6
40.7
39.5
39.3
39.6
39.9
40.4
40.9
Haiti 12.7
12.4
12.1
12.0
11.7
12.0
12.1
12.6
12.6
12.8
13.2
12.5
12.2
12.0
12.0
12.0
11.6
11.4
11.4
11.2
Honduras 3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.9
2.8
2.7
2.7
2.6
4.0
3.9
4.1
4.6
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.6
Hungary 26.6
23.8
22.8
21.8
21.6
20.5
19.2
18.9
19.1
19.5
19.2
18.9
18.4
16.1
15.0
14.6
13.3
12.6
12.6
11.8
Iceland 12.7
12.4
11.8
12.0
11.5
10.8
11.3
13.5
13.3
12.9
11.8
10.7
12.5
12.5
14.4
13.2
12.3
11.7
10.1
11.2
Ấn Độ 19.1
18.7
18.2
17.3
16.8
17.0
17.1
16.7
16.3
15.6
15.6
15.5
15.1
14.4
13.5
12.9
12.6
12.5
12.9
12.9
Indonesia 3.8
3.7
3.6
3.6
3.5
3.3
3.2
3.2
3.1
3.0
2.9
2.9
2.8
2.7
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.6
Iran 8.0
7.7
7.3
6.8
6.5
6.0
5.7
6.0
5.7
5.7
5.8
6.1
6.2
6.1
6.1
6.0
5.9
5.8
5.5
5.1
Iraq 5.3
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.1
5.2
5.0
4.9
5.1
5.3
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.5
5.4
5.3
5.2
4.9
4.7
Ireland 12.1
12.5
11.5
11.3
11.1
11.0
10.2
10.8
11.4
13.3
11.2
11.8
11.7
10.5
10.5
8.7
9.4
9.3
9.2
8.9
Israel 6.8
6.3
5.8
6.4
6.1
6.6
5.5
5.2
5.1
5.9
6.6
5.5
6.0
5.1
5.0
4.5
5.0
5.0
5.3
5.2
Ý 5.5
5.4
5.4
5.3
5.1
4.8
4.7
4.7
4.9
4.9
4.8
5.1
5.4
5.3
5.0
4.8
4.4
4.8
4.4
4.3
Jamaica 2.1
2.0
2.0
1.9
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.9
2.3
2.4
2.0
2.3
2.1
2.0
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.3
Nhật Bản 18.1
17.5
17.9
19.5
18.4
18.8
18.4
19.1
19.0
19.5
18.8
18.4
17.0
16.7
15.8
14.9
13.7
13.5
13.4
12.2
Jordan 3.5
3.4
3.2
3.1
3.0
2.8
2.6
2.4
2.2
2.1
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.0
Kazakhstan 39.4
39.4
38.3
39.0
39.3
38.6
37.2
37.2
33.8
29.6
29.4
28.3
27.3
26.2
24.2
23.4
22.0
21.2
19.4
18.1
Kenya 15.8
14.7
13.9
13.2
12.2
12.9
12.7
13.0
12.8
12.1
11.9
11.8
11.7
11.6
11.1
10.6
10.5
10.6
11.0
11.0
Kiribati 35.6
35.3
34.5
32.5
32.0
32.5
31.5
32.8
33.4
33.0
32.7
32.9
32.0
32.3
31.6
31.6
31.4
31.5
30.3
30.6
Kuwait 3.1
2.7
2.9
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.9
2.7
2.4
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.5
2.6
2.7
Kyrgyzstan 17.6
16.4
16.2
15.2
14.2
14.5
14.4
13.7
13.2
12.8
12.4
12.3
11.9
11.4
11.5
10.9
9.6
9.2
8.9
8.3
Lào 8.7
8.6
8.2
8.0
7.8
7.7
7.6
7.4
7.2
7.0
6.8
6.7
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.0
Latvia 29.6
27.5
27.1
24.5
22.1
22.1
19.1
17.0
21.7
21.7
18.6
18.2
19.4
16.7
17.2
17.1
17.1
17.1
14.3
16.1
Liban 3.0
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.7
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.1
3.0
3.0
2.8
2.9
2.8
3.0
2.5
2.8
Lesotho 42.6
40.4
42.6
45.7
47.1
46.7
55.4
61.3
77.8
84.6
86.9
91.1
102.0
111.4
116.2
114.5
107.1
96.3
93.1
87.5
Liberia 8.8
8.4
8.4
8.3
8.5
8.3
8.5
8.7
8.6
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.7
8.5
8.5
7.7
7.6
7.6
7.4
7.4
Libya 5.3
5.4
5.5
5.3
4.7
4.6
4.5
5.1
5.4
5.7
5.4
5.0
5.6
4.8
6.1
5.5
5.0
5.5
5.7
4.5
Litva 45.8
42.1
42.3
40.2
38.1
36.9
29.7
29.9
32.6
33.1
31.3
31.8
29.2
34.0
29.4
28.9
26.2
23.5
21.1
20.2
Luxembourg 13.4
13.5
13.2
12.9
9.8
10.9
12.8
11.2
10.8
8.9
9.6
9.3
9.0
8.8
10.1
9.6
7.6
7.5
8.0
8.6
Madagascar 10.8
10.6
10.8
11.0
10.9
10.7
10.6
10.4
10.3
10.2
10.2
10.1
9.9
9.8
9.8
9.5
9.5
9.3
9.2
9.2
Malawi 19.2
17.9
16.5
15.7
15.0
14.3
14.8
15.4
15.2
15.9
16.0
14.6
13.7
13.0
12.8
12.6
12.2
11.7
11.0
10.6
Malaysia 6.1
5.8
5.8
5.9
5.8
5.7
5.5
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.3
5.2
5.2
4.9
5.1
5.2
5.4
5.6
5.6
5.8
Maldives 5.3
5.1
4.7
4.6
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5
3.3
3.1
2.9
2.9
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.2
3.1
2.9
2.8
Mali 8.8
8.7
8.7
8.6
8.6
8.8
8.7
8.7
8.9
8.9
8.7
8.7
8.7
8.8
8.7
8.5
8.3
8.0
8.0
8.0
Malta 6.0
6.5
4.9
4.5
4.9
4.4
5.8
4.6
5.6
6.1
6.6
5.7
5.1
5.9
6.3
6.6
5.1
4.8
5.3
5.3
Mauritanie 6.4
6.3
6.1
5.9
6.0
5.7
5.8
5.7
5.6
5.6
5.5
5.3
5.5
5.4
5.4
5.3
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.5
Mauritius 11.5
9.8
11.0
7.6
8.0
8.7
9.0
10.0
6.4
8.6
7.4
8.6
9.2
7.8
9.9
7.5
7.6
9.6
8.2
8.8
México 3.9
4.2
4.2
4.3
4.3
4.4
4.3
4.3
4.6
4.8
4.7
5.4
5.0
5.3
5.7
5.6
5.6
5.9
5.4
5.3
Micronesia 28.0
27.3
26.3
26.3
27.1
27.6
27.4
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.5
27.6
27.4
27.4
28.4
28.2
28.7
29.1
29.0
Mông Cổ 23.6
23.7
22.9
23.8
23.9
23.9
23.4
23.0
22.9
22.7
22.4
21.9
21.0
20.4
19.6
19.7
19.8
19.1
18.7
18.0
Montenegro 18.9
17.7
17.8
18.3
18.4
18.7
19.2
17.6
17.3
17.2
16.5
17.0
17.1
16.3
16.3
16.3
16.1
16.3
16.4
16.2
Maroc 10.8
10.8
10.4
10.3
10.2
10.1
9.9
9.9
9.8
9.7
9.5
9.5
9.2
8.2
7.9
7.6
7.4
7.3
7.3
7.3
Mozambique 20.9
20.8
20.8
20.9
21.1
21.4
21.6
21.8
23.1
24.6
25.3
25.9
26.5
26.0
24.7
24.0
23.4
23.1
23.2
23.2
Myanmar 5.1
4.9
4.8
4.7
4.6
4.5
4.4
4.2
3.9
3.9
3.8
3.7
3.5
3.5
3.4
3.3
3.3
3.1
3.0
3.0
Namibia 27.5
26.7
26.3
25.5
23.4
24.7
24.5
23.7
19.7
18.4
18.0
16.1
14.5
14.4
15.3
16.3
14.9
15.2
13.7
13.5
Nepal 10.9
10.4
10.1
10.0
9.8
10.0
9.7
10.0
10.2
10.5
10.5
10.7
10.6
10.3
9.9
9.8
9.7
9.6
9.7
9.8
Hà Lan 8.1
8.0
8.4
8.0
8.1
8.3
8.1
7.1
7.4
7.8
8.1
8.4
8.9
9.5
9.3
9.3
9.3
9.6
9.1
9.3
New Zealand 12.4
13.5
12.2
13.0
12.2
12.5
12.6
11.7
11.9
10.9
12.0
11.0
12.3
11.6
10.6
11.1
11.5
12.1
10.7
10.3
Nicaragua 6.3
6.2
5.9
6.7
6.4
6.1
5.3
5.4
5.6
5.5
5.4
5.9
4.9
5.9
5.0
4.5
4.6
4.7
5.0
4.7
Niger 9.5
9.8
9.7
10.0
9.8
10.1
10.1
10.2
10.1
10.2
10.4
10.4
10.6
10.7
10.7
10.4
10.2
10.2
10.1
10.1
Nigeria 9.2
9.3
9.2
9.2
9.3
9.2
9.2
9.2
9.1
9.0
8.8
8.7
8.3
8.0
7.6
7.3
7.2
7.1
7.0
6.9
Bắc Macedonia 8.7
11.9
9.0
8.3
9.4
7.7
8.5
8.1
7.9
8.1
5.8
5.9
8.2
8.1
7.4
7.3
7.3
7.2
7.2
7.2
Norway 13.0
13.2
11.0
11.0
11.7
11.4
11.6
10.6
10.6
11.4
10.9
11.8
9.9
10.3
10.1
10.6
11.1
10.4
10.1
9.9
Oman 6.7
6.7
6.3
6.4
6.1
6.2
6.5
6.5
6.3
6.0
6.1
5.5
4.9
4.8
4.7
4.7
4.5
4.5
4.4
4.5
Pakistan 11.1
11.2
11.3
11.3
11.2
11.0
11.0
10.7
10.5
10.3
10.2
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
9.8
9.8
Panama 5.9
6.2
5.9
6.3
6.1
5.3
6.0
5.2
5.6
5.1
4.3
4.0
3.8
3.5
4.2
3.0
3.4
3.2
2.9
2.9
Papua New Guinea 2.8
3.0
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.3
3.3
3.2
3.3
3.3
3.5
3.4
3.6
3.7
3.6
3.5
3.5
3.6
Paraguay 3.6
3.5
3.8
3.7
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.2
3.9
4.7
3.8
4.7
4.7
5.1
6.0
5.9
5.6
6.1
6.1
6.2
Perú 3.4
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.1
3.0
2.9
2.8
2.9
3.4
3.6
3.5
3.3
3.2
3.0
2.8
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
Philippines 2.3
1.9
2.1
2.3
2.2
2.4
2.5
2.2
2.4
2.8
2.9
3.4
2.9
2.9
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.6
2.5
Ba Lan 15.3
15.3
15.2
14.9
15.2
15.2
14.5
13.3
14.4
16.1
15.5
15.0
15.3
15.1
14.5
13.2
11.4
11.1
10.4
9.3
Bồ Đào Nha 5.5
6.5
9.3
8.7
7.5
7.9
7.9
8.3
8.6
8.7
8.8
7.9
8.5
8.0
9.2
8.3
7.4
7.9
7.5
7.2
Qatar 7.6
7.6
7.4
6.9
6.6
6.3
6.1
7.2
6.8
6.7
6.4
6.2
5.8
5.3
5.0
4.9
4.8
4.6
4.6
4.7
Hàn Quốc 13.9
14.8
17.8
22.3
23.1
24.0
20.8
23.2
24.4
28.8
28.0
27.9
24.0
23.8
22.4
21.2
20.5
19.3
21.3
21.2
Moldova 16.3
17.7
16.6
17.1
16.6
17.1
17.5
15.3
16.8
17.1
17.6
13.3
14.6
14.4
14.5
13.7
13.4
12.4
11.9
12.2
România 11.3
10.8
12.3
11.6
10.8
10.2
10.6
9.4
9.5
10.0
10.7
9.9
10.3
9.9
9.0
9.1
7.8
7.8
7.7
7.3
Nga 48.9
47.1
46.1
45.4
43.9
43.6
39.1
36.3
35.4
33.3
33.0
31.1
29.8
29.1
29.4
27.9
26.9
24.4
23.4
21.6
Rwanda 25.6
22.9
20.7
18.4
16.2
15.0
14.3
13.7
12.9
12.1
11.5
10.9
10.6
10.1
10.1
9.9
9.7
9.6
9.5
9.5
Saint Lucia 8.1
8.1
7.4
7.7
7.3
7.4
7.7
7.2
7.9
7.0
7.6
6.9
8.2
7.7
8.2
7.9
6.7
7.1
7.1
6.9
Saint Vincent và Grenadines 6.5
5.9
7.1
6.4
5.8
9.8
6.2
8.3
4.3
2.7
2.9
5.4
5.3
3.7
1.4
3.3
0.7
0.0
1.0
1.0
Samoa 16.3
16.2
15.8
15.6
15.1
15.3
15.3
15.1
14.9
13.0
14.8
14.8
14.8
14.1
14.9
14.9
15.0
14.8
14.8
14.6
São Tomé và Príncipe 2.2
2.4
2.4
2.0
2.2
2.1
2.2
2.4
2.4
2.3
2.2
2.1
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
Ả Rập Xê Út 3.8
3.9
3.9
4.0
3.9
4.1
4.3
4.6
4.9
5.2
5.7
6.2
6.4
6.3
6.3
6.0
5.9
5.7
5.6
5.4
Sénégal 14.4
13.9
13.7
13.6
13.4
13.3
13.0
12.5
12.7
12.4
12.4
12.1
12.2
12.1
12.0
11.8
11.5
11.4
11.2
11.0
Serbia 18.9
17.8
17.8
17.0
16.7
15.6
15.0
14.4
14.0
14.8
12.4
13.2
13.3
13.0
12.0
11.7
10.6
0.3
7.9
7.9
Seychelles 9.8
9.6
8.8
9.1
9.3
8.4
8.1
7.6
7.7
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.3
7.3
7.5
7.7
7.6
7.9
7.9
7.7
Sierra Leone 10.1
10.5
10.7
11.0
11.0
10.9
11.7
11.7
11.8
11.9
12.2
11.7
11.8
11.3
11.0
10.5
10.8
10.9
11.2
11.3
Singapore 11.4
10.6
11.3
11.1
10.3
10.0
9.9
9.4
8.8
9.0
8.2
7.9
9.2
8.5
8.2
7.6
7.3
7.3
7.8
9.7
Slovakia 12.6
12.3
12.7
13.0
11.9
11.6
12.2
11.7
10.5
10.5
11.1
10.4
10.2
9.9
10.0
9.8
9.7
9.6
9.4
9.3
Slovenia 25.6
24.6
22.9
23.1
22.3
20.6
21.0
17.0
15.6
16.8
15.6
15.5
15.9
16.2
14.4
14.8
14.3
14.3
12.8
14.0
Quần đảo Solomon 17.4
17.1
17.2
17.6
16.5
16.8
16.8
18.1
18.7
18.7
18.6
18.5
18.4
18.2
18.1
17.9
17.8
17.8
17.7
17.4
Somalia 16.8
16.5
16.6
16.6
16.8
16.6
16.2
15.9
16.0
16.0
15.4
15.3
15.3
15.2
15.2
15.0
14.8
14.9
14.8
14.7
Nam Phi 26.6
26.9
28.0
28.7
27.9
27.5
26.5
27.4
29.4
29.2
26.9
24.4
24.6
25.1
25.3
25.6
25.3
25.8
24.4
23.5
Nam Sudan 7.9
7.4
7.3
7.3
7.2
7.1
7.1
7.0
6.9
6.7
6.6
6.6
6.7
6.5
6.2
6.4
6.5
6.4
6.7
6.7
Tây Ban Nha 6.6
6.1
6.3
6.4
6.4
6.0
5.6
5.4
5.8
5.6
5.1
5.1
5.6
6.2
6.2
5.6
5.5
5.8
5.4
5.3
Sri Lanka 27.4
22.4
21.5
21.2
22.1
28.6
18.4
20.1
17.5
22.7
21.9
17.8
16.4
15.0
12.7
14.7
14.2
13.7
13.2
12.9
Sudan 5.6
5.4
5.5
5.4
5.3
5.4
5.3
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.3
5.1
5.1
5.0
4.9
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
Suriname 25.0
27.5
27.7
27.4
26.6
27.0
27.3
27.0
26.7
26.5
27.4
26.0
26.8
26.5
25.9
25.9
25.5
25.4
26.2
25.9
Thụy Điển 12.2
12.8
12.6
11.7
11.9
12.7
12.1
11.9
12.4
13.1
12.0
12.0
12.3
13.0
12.3
13.0
12.2
12.5
12.7
12.4
Thụy Sĩ 15.9
15.0
16.0
13.8
13.6
14.1
13.9
14.0
13.5
12.1
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.7
10.0
10.5
9.8
10.4
9.9
9.8
Syria 2.0
1.9
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.0
1.8
2.0
2.1
2.1
Tajikistan 5.1
4.8
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.7
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.9
5.0
5.1
5.1
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.4
5.3
5.3
5.3
Thái Lan 11.6
10.5
10.4
10.2
9.9
8.5
8.3
7.7
7.4
7.3
7.3
7.2
7.0
6.6
6.9
7.2
7.6
7.5
7.9
8.0
Đông Timor 4.9
4.9
4.6
4.7
4.4
4.3
3.9
3.7
3.4
4.4
4.2
4.3
4.3
4.2
4.2
4.4
4.5
4.4
4.5
4.5
Togo 17.3
17.7
18.1
18.6
18.7
18.8
19.2
19.0
18.9
18.5
18.2
18.1
18.0
17.8
17.4
16.7
16.0
15.4
14.9
14.8
Tonga 5.1
5.1
5.0
5.1
5.0
4.8
4.7
4.8
4.7
5.1
5.3
5.2
5.3
5.3
5.4
5.3
4.8
4.8
4.6
4.4
Trinidad và Tobago 16.2
16.1
14.9
12.9
12.6
12.0
10.7
10.5
12.8
10.4
10.6
9.2
8.9
10.1
9.8
9.5
9.2
9.0
8.5
8.3
Tunisia 3.9
3.9
3.9
3.9
3.8
3.7
3.7
3.6
3.5
3.4
3.4
3.3
3.2
3.2
3.1
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.1
3.2
Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ 4.2
3.9
3.4
3.3
3.2
3.0
2.8
2.6
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.3
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
Turkmenistan 13.8
14.7
15.2
15.3
15.2
15.8
15.5
13.6
11.7
9.6
8.7
7.8
7.4
7.4
7.1
6.6
6.6
6.2
6.1
6.1
Uganda 21.7
21.1
20.5
20.4
20.5
20.8
20.1
17.7
16.1
15.5
14.6
14.5
13.2
12.4
11.4
11.0
11.1
10.3
10.3
10.4
Ukraina 33.5
31.2
30.5
29.0
28.4
28.3
25.6
26.4
25.9
21.8
20.2
18.9
19.0
18.7
20.4
17.9
17.6
16.9
18.0
17.7
Các Tiểu vương quốc Ả Rập Thống nhất 8.0
7.9
7.4
6.8
6.8
6.8
6.9
6.8
6.7
6.6
6.4
6.3
6.1
5.9
5.6
5.3
5.0
4.8
5.0
5.2
Anh Quốc 7.7
7.5
7.5
7.0
7.2
6.9
6.9
6.7
7.3
7.2
7.0
7.4
7.4
7.7
7.6
7.8
7.6
7.2
7.1
6.9
Tanzania 15.6
14.2
12.8
11.9
10.9
10.3
10.3
10.4
11.0
10.6
9.8
9.3
8.5
8.6
8.3
8.2
8.3
8.2
8.0
8.2
United States 10.0
10.3
10.6
10.6
10.8
10.7
11.0
11.2
11.4
11.4
11.7
12.0
12.1
12.0
12.4
12.9
13.7
14.4
14.1
14.5
Uruguay 14.5
13.2
17.9
14.2
13.9
13.3
13.8
15.8
13.5
13.4
14.3
15.0
16.1
14.2
15.8
16.7
18.7
18.5
18.8
18.8
Uzbekistan 12.0
11.7
11.3
10.4
9.8
10.2
9.6
9.3
8.9
8.2
8.3
8.6
9.0
8.9
9.0
9.2
9.2
8.9
8.7
8.3
Vanuatu 23.2
22.8
22.8
22.5
21.9
21.4
22.2
22.0
21.7
22.5
22.1
21.8
21.9
21.8
21.1
21.2
21.0
21.1
21.1
21.0
Venezuela 6.4
6.5
6.2
5.6
5.1
4.8
4.3
4.0
3.7
3.4
3.6
3.8
3.4
2.6
2.3
2.4
2.3
2.2
2.2
2.1
Việt Nam 7.2
7.1
7.0
7.0
7.0
6.9
7.0
7.2
7.4
7.3
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.5
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.2
Yemen 8.5
8.4
8.2
8.1
8.1
8.0
7.8
7.7
7.8
7.6
7.4
7.2
7.2
7.1
7.0
6.8
7.0
6.9
7.1
7.1
Zambia 24.0
22.7
22.3
21.5
22.5
22.1
21.8
19.8
19.0
19.0
19.7
19.8
18.5
17.9
17.7
17.3
16.7
16.7
15.9
14.4
Zimbabwe 20.0
19.5
20.3
20.2
21.5
22.0
22.0
27.2
31.7
35.2
35.0
34.3
33.1
31.4
30.8
30.7
28.7
25.9
23.9
23.6
Tử vong trên một triệu người do tự gây thương tích vào năm 2012. Các quốc gia theo nhóm thu nhập.
Tỷ lệ tự tử theo nhóm thu nhập năm 2012 (trên 100.000 người) [ 16]
Nhóm thu nhập (% dân số toàn cầu) Tự tử, 2012
% toàn cầu
Tỷ lệ
Nam:Nữ
Các nước có thu nhập cao (18.3%)
197
24.5%
12.7 3.5 : 1
Các nước có thu nhập trung bình cao (34.3%)
192
23.8%
7.5 1.3 : 1
Các nước có thu nhập trung bình thấp (35.4%)
333
41.4%
14.1 1.7 : 1
Các quốc gia có thu nhập thấp (12.0%)
82
10.2%
13.4 1.7 : 1
Toàn cầu (100.0%) 804
100.0%
11.4 1.9 : 1
Tỷ lệ tự tử của nam và nữ lần lượt nằm trong tổng dân số nam và tổng dân số nữ (nghĩa là tổng số nam giới tự tử chia cho tổng dân số nam).
Hầu hết các quốc gia được liệt kê ở trên đều báo cáo tỷ lệ nam giới tự tử cao hơn, vì trên toàn thế giới có khoảng 3 nam giới tự tử trong số 4 người, hoặc hệ số 3:1 (ví dụ:[ 17] [ a]
Mặc dù chuẩn hóa độ tuổi là quy trình thống kê phổ biến để phân loại dữ liệu tử vong nhằm mục đích so sánh, phương pháp tiếp cận này của WHO dựa trên các ước tính có tính đến các vấn đề như báo cáo không đầy đủ, dẫn đến tỷ lệ khác với số liệu thống kê chính thức do từng quốc gia lập và xác nhận (và sửa đổi cũng được thực hiện định kỳ). Ngoài ra, tỷ lệ điều chỉnh theo tuổi là tỷ lệ tử vong sẽ tồn tại nếu tất cả các quần thể được nghiên cứu có cùng phân bố theo độ tuổi như một quần thể "chuẩn". Tỷ lệ ước tính cơ bản, thô có sẵn tại đây và tại đây . Các quốc gia có dân số dưới 100.000 người sẽ không được tính.
^ Tỷ lệ nam-nữ dựa trên tỷ lệ chuẩn hóa theo tuổi: so với dân số chuẩn thế giới của WHO, tuổi trung bình và tuổi thọ trung bình của phụ nữ có thể lớn hơn nam giới ở quốc gia đó khi làm tròn lên và ngược lại khi làm tròn xuống.[ 18]
^ “About the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) project” . World Health Organization . Bản gốc lưu trữ ngày 10 tháng 11 năm 2013.^ “GBD History” . Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. 18 tháng 4 năm 2013.^ “With one suicide every 40 seconds, WHO urges action” . 10 tháng 9 năm 2019. Bản gốc lưu trữ ngày 30 tháng 6 năm 2020. Truy cập ngày 27 tháng 12 năm 2022 .^ Värnik, P (tháng 3 năm 2012). “Suicide in the world” . International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 9 (3): 760–71. doi :10.3390/ijerph9030760 PMC 3367275 PMID 22690161 . ^ a b WHO (2002). “Self-directed violence” (PDF) . www.who.int . Bản gốc (PDF) lưu trữ ngày 21 tháng 1 năm 2022.
^ Colby Itkowitz (31 tháng 8 năm 2016). “Men die by suicide at alarming rates. This hashtag tells men 'it's okay to talk' about their emotions” . Washington Post ^ Cutcliffe, John R.; José Santos; Paul S. Links; Juveria Zaheer biên tập (2016). Routledge International Handbook of Clinical Suicide Research ISBN 9781134459292 ^ O'Brien, Jodi biên tập (2009). Encyclopedia of Gender and Society ISBN 9781452266022 ^ Dan Bilsker, PhD; Jennifer White, EdD (2011). “The silent epidemic of male suicide” . www.bcmj.org . BCMJ . ^ Global rates of suicide death have fallen by a third since 1990, study finds ^ Global, regional, and national burden of suicide mortality 1990 to 2016: systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 ^ Schumacher, Helene. “Why more men than women die by suicide” . www.bbc.com (bằng tiếng Anh). Truy cập ngày 21 tháng 12 năm 2021 . ^ “Suicide” . www.who.int (bằng tiếng Anh). Truy cập ngày 21 tháng 12 năm 2021 .^ “GHO | By category | Suicide rate estimates, age-standardized - Estimates by country” . WHO . Truy cập ngày 12 tháng 5 năm 2021 .^ “GHO | By category | Suicide rate estimates, age-standardized - Estimates by WHO region” . WHO . Truy cập ngày 12 tháng 5 năm 2021 .^ World Health Organization (2014). “Preventing suicide - A global imperative” (PDF) . www.who.int . ^ “Suicide Statistics — AFSP” . American Foundation for Suicide Prevention . Bản gốc lưu trữ ngày 2 tháng 9 năm 2016. Truy cập ngày 7 tháng 5 năm 2018 .^ “Suicide rates, crude - Data by country” . Tổ chức Y tế Thế giới . 2016. Truy cập ngày 20 tháng 10 năm 2018 .
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