Chữ hình nêm

Chữ hình nêm
Thể loạitự mẫu âm tiết tính
Thời kỳ
k. 3500 TCN – thế kỷ 2 CN
Hướng viếttrái sang phải
Các ngôn ngữ
Hệ chữ viết liên quan
Nguồn gốc
Hậu duệ
Không có; ảnh hưởng tới hình thù của chữ Ugaritcác mẫu tự Ba Tư cổ
ISO 15924
ISO 15924Xsux, 020 Sửa đổi tại Wikidata
Unicode
Bài viết này chứa các biểu tượng ngữ âm IPA trong Unicode. Nếu không thích hợp hỗ trợ dựng hình, bạn có thể sẽ nhìn thấy dấu chấm hỏi, hộp, hoặc ký hiệu khác thay vì kí tự Unicode. Để có hướng dẫn thêm về các ký hiệu IPA, hãy xem Trợ giúp:IPA.

Chữ hình nêm, còn gọi là văn tự hình nêm hay văn tự hình đinh, là một trong những hệ chữ viết sớm nhất trong lịch sử loài người.[1]

Phụ âm (đã chuyển ngữ): b, d, g, g̃, ḫ, k, l, m, n, p, r, ř, s, š, t, z

-a -e -i -u
a 𒀀,

á 𒀉

e 𒂊,

é 𒂍

i 𒄿,

í=IÁ 𒐊

u 𒌋,

ú 𒌑,
ù 𒅇

b- ba 𒁀,

=PA 𒉺,
=EŠ 𒂠

be=BAD 𒁁,

=BI 𒁉,
=NI 𒉌

bi 𒁉,

=NE 𒉈,
=PI 𒉿

bu 𒁍,

=KASKAL 𒆜,
=PÙ 𒅤

d- da 𒁕,

=TA 𒋫

de=DI 𒁲,

,
=NE 𒉈

di 𒁲,

=TÍ 𒄭

du 𒁺,

=TU 𒌅,
=GAG 𒆕,
du4=TUM 𒌈

g- ga 𒂵,

𒂷

ge=GI 𒄀,

=KID 𒆤,
=DIŠ 𒁹

gi 𒄀,

=KID 𒆤,
=DIŠ 𒁹,
gi4 𒄄,
gi5=KI 𒆠

gu 𒄖,

𒄘,
=KA 𒅗,
gu4 𒄞,
gu5=KU 𒆪,
gu6=NAG 𒅘,
gu7 𒅥

ḫ- ḫa 𒄩,

ḫá=ḪI.A 𒄭𒀀,
ḫà=U 𒌋,
ḫa4=ḪI 𒄭

ḫe=ḪI 𒄭,

ḫé=GAN 𒃶

ḫi 𒄭,

ḫí=GAN 𒃶

ḫu 𒄷
k- ka 𒅗,

𒆍,
=GA 𒂵

ke=KI 𒆠,

=GI 𒄀

ki 𒆠,

=GI 𒄀

ku 𒆪,

=GU7 𒅥,
𒆬,
ku4 𒆭

l- la 𒆷,

=LAL 𒇲,
=NU 𒉡

le=LI 𒇷,

=NI 𒉌

li 𒇷,

=NI 𒉌

lu 𒇻,

𒇽

m- ma 𒈠,

𒈣

me 𒈨,

=MI 𒈪,
𒀞/𒅠

mi 𒈪,

=MUNUS 𒊩,
=ME 𒈨

mu 𒈬,

=SAR 𒊬

n- na 𒈾,

𒈿,
=AG 𒀝,
na4 ("NI.UD") 𒉌𒌓

ne 𒉈,

=NI 𒉌

ni 𒉌,

=IM 𒉎

nu 𒉡,

=NÁ 𒈿

p- pa 𒉺,

=BA 𒐀

pe=PI 𒉿,

=BI 𒁉

pi 𒉿,

=BI 𒁉,
=BAD 𒁁

pu=BU 𒁍,

=TÚL 𒇥,
𒅤

r- ra 𒊏,

=DU 𒁺

re=RI 𒊑,

=URU 𒌷

ri 𒊑,

=URU 𒌷

ru 𒊒,

=GAG 𒆕,
=AŠ 𒀸

s- sa 𒊓,

=DI 𒁲,
=ZA 𒍝,
sa4 ("ḪU.NÁ") 𒄷𒈾

se=SI 𒋛,

=ZI 𒍣

si 𒋛,

=ZI 𒍣

su 𒋢,

=ZU 𒍪,
=SUD 𒋤,
su4 𒋜

š- ša 𒊭,

šá=NÍG 𒐼,
šà 𒊮

še 𒊺,

šé,
šè 𒂠

ši=IGI 𒅆,

ší=SI 𒋛

šu 𒋗,

šú 𒋙,
šù=ŠÈ 𒂠,
šu4=U 𒌋

t- ta 𒋫,

=DA 𒁕

te 𒋼,

=TÍ 𒊹

ti 𒋾,

𒊹,
=DIM 𒁴,
ti4=DI 𒁲

tu 𒌅,

=UD 𒌓,
=DU 𒁺

z- za 𒍝,

=NA4 𒉌𒌓

ze=ZI 𒍣,

=ZÌ 𒍢

zi 𒍣,

𒍢,
𒍥

zu 𒍪,

=KA 𒅗

a- e- i- u-
a 𒀀,

á 𒀉

e 𒂊,

é 𒂍

i 𒄿,

í=IÁ 𒐊

u 𒌋,

ú 𒌑,
ù 𒅇

-b ab 𒀊,

áb 𒀖

eb=IB 𒅁,

éb=TUM 𒌈

ib 𒅁,

íb=TUM 𒌈

ub 𒌒,

úb=ŠÈ 𒂠

-d ad 𒀜,

ád 𒄉

ed𒀉 id𒀉,

íd=A.ENGUR 𒀀𒇉

ud 𒌓,

úd=ÁŠ 𒀾

-g ag 𒀝,

ág 𒉘

eg=IG 𒅅,

ég=E 𒂊

ig 𒅅,

íg=E 𒂊

ug 𒊌
-ḫ aḫ 𒄴,

áḫ=ŠEŠ 𒋀

eḫ=AḪ 𒄴 iḫ=AḪ 𒄴 uḫ=AḪ 𒄴,

úḫ 𒌔

-k ak=AG 𒀝 ek=IG 𒅅 ik=IG 𒅅 uk=UG 𒊌
-l al 𒀠,

ál=ALAM 𒀩

el 𒂖,

él=IL 𒅋

il 𒅋,

íl 𒅍

ul 𒌌,

úl=NU 𒉡

-m am 𒄠/𒂔,

ám=ÁG 𒉘

em=IM 𒅎 im 𒅎,

ím=KAŠ4 𒁽

um 𒌝,

úm=UD 𒌓

-n an 𒀭 en 𒂗,

én,
èn=LI 𒇷

in 𒅔,

in4=EN 𒂗,
in5=NIN 𒊩𒌆

un 𒌦,

ún=U 𒌋

-p ap=AB 𒀊 ep=IB,

ép=TUM 𒌈

ip=IB 𒅁,

íp=TUM 𒌈

up=UB 𒌒,

úp=ŠÈ 𒂠

-r ar 𒅈,

ár=UB 𒌒

er=IR 𒅕 ir 𒅕,

íp=A.IGI 𒀀𒅆

ur 𒌨,

úr 𒌫

-s as=AZ 𒊍 es=GIŠ 𒄑,

és=EŠ 𒂠

is=GIŠ 𒄑,

ís=EŠ 𒂠

us=UZ,

ús=UŠ 𒍑

𒀸,

áš 𒀾

𒌍/𒐁,

éš=ŠÈ 𒂠

𒅖,

íš=KASKAL 𒆜

𒍑,

úš𒍗=BAD 𒁁

-t at=AD 𒀜,

át=GÍR gunû 𒄉

et𒀉 it𒀉 ut=UD 𒌓,

út=ÁŠ 𒀾

-z az 𒊍 ez=GIŠ 𒄑,

éz=EŠ 𒂠

iz= GIŠ 𒄑,

íz=IŠ 𒅖

uz ,

úz=UŠ 𒍑,
ùz 𒍚

Chú thích

  1. ^ Visible Language. Inventions of Writing in the Ancient Middle East and Beyond Lưu trữ 2021-08-26 tại Wayback Machine, Oriental Institute Museum Publications, 32, Chicago: University of Chicago, p. 13, ISBN 978-1-885923-76-9

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