Chashka
Chashka (eskirgan piyola) — kichik, odatda yumaloq shaklda, tutqichi bor, choy yoki qaxva ichish uchun moʻljallangan idish. Kema issiq ichimliklarni tarqatishda toʻgʻridan-toʻgʻri ichimliklarni ichish uchun ishlatiladi. Baʼzi xalqlarning madaniyatlarida stakanlarda ovqatlanish odat tusiga kirgan boʻlib, koʻplab Osiyo mamlakatlarida dastasi boʻlmagan stakanlar juda keng tarqalgan.
- Chashkalar yoʻlovchilarga xizmat qilish uchun ishlatiladi, Hajmi: 350-400 sm³. Ikkita (qarama-qarshi tomonlarda) va bitta tutqichlari bor
- Choy, sut yoki qaymoqli qahva, Varshava uslubidagi qahva, kakao, shokoladlarni isteʼmol qilish uchun xizmat qiladi. Hajmi: 200-250 sm³.
- Kofe. Qora qahva (sigʻimi: 75-100 sm³) va sharqona qahva (sigʻimi: 50-70 sm³) isteʼmolida ishlatiladi.
Bazi dinlarda u yoki bu shakldagi piyola (chashka) sajda qilish ob'ekti sifatida ishlatiladi, masalan, nasroniylikdagi kosa sigʻinish uchun ishlatiladi.
Tarixdagi chashkalar
Hajm oʻlchovi birligi sifatida chashkalar:
- Yevropa (metrik) — 250 sm³
- Amerika - 237 - 240 sm³
- Ingliz tili - 284 sm³
- Yapon - 200 sm³ yoki 1 marta (180 sm³)
Adabiyotlar
- Чашки // Товарный словарь / И. А. Пугачёв (главный редактор). — М.: Государственное издательство торговой литературы, 1961. — Т. IX. — Стб. 505—506.
- Garth Clark. The Book of Cups. Abbeville Press, 1990. 96 с. ISBN 978-0789201706 (ingl.)
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