Синовіальна рідина

Синовіальна рідина, синовія (від грец. sýn — разом і лат. ovum — яйце) — густа еластична маса, що заповнює порожнину суглобів.

Виконує функцію внутрішньосуглобової змазки, запобігаючи тертя суглобових поверхонь і їх зношування; бере участь у підтримці нормального співвідношення суглобових поверхонь, підвищує їх рухливість; забезпечує живлення суглобного хряща; служить додатковим амортизатором. Рідина продукується синовіальною оболонкою суглоба і заповнює його порожнину. У нормі прозора або злегка жовтувата.

При низькому навантаженні на суглоб — всмоктується в пори хрящової тканини, при збільшенні тиску — витискається з пор і забезпечує змащування. Саме тому ковзання суглобового хряща при значних фізичних навантаженнях відбувається майже без тертя.

Лабораторне дослідження

Лабораторне дослідження синовіальної рідини [1][2]
Тип Лейкоцити (WBC) (на мм3 ) % нейтрофілів В'язкість Зовнішній вигляд
Нормальний <200 0 Висока Прозорий
Остеоартроз <5000 <25 Висока Прозорий жовтий
Травма <10 000 <50 Перемінна Кривавий
Запальний 2 000–50 000 50–80 Низька Мутний жовтий
Септичний артрит >50 000 >75 Низька Мутний жовтий
Гонорея ~10 000 60 Низька Мутний жовтий
Туберкульоз ~20 000 70 Низька Мутний жовтий
Запальний тип: артрит, подагра, ревматоїдний артрит, ревматична лихоманка

Посилання

  1. ↑ Flynn, John A.; Choi, Michael J.; Wooster, L. Dwight (12 вересня 2013). Oxford American Handbook of Clinical Medicine (англ.). OUP USA. ISBN 978-0-19-991494-4. 
  2. ↑ Seidman, Aaron J.; Limaiem, Faten (2024). Synovial Fluid Analysis. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. PMID 30725799. 

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