Фреони

Структурна формула дифлуородихлорометану (R-12)

Фрео́ни або хладони — група галогенопохідних вуглеводнів, що киплять нижче кімнатної температури і використовуються в холодильній промисловості як холодоагенти і як розпилювачі в аерозольних упаковках. Наприклад, фреон дифлуородихлорометан CF2Cl2 (R12) — рідина, що кипить при -29,8°С.

Здебільшого фреони інертні біля поверхні Землі, однак у стратосфері хлоровмісні фреони (хлорфторвуглеводні) зазнають фотохімічного розпаду з виділенням іонів хлору, які є каталізатором хімічних реакцій, що руйнують молекули озону.

Згідно Монреальського протоколу, виробництво та застосування деяких фреонів заборонено, насамперед — R-12 та R-22. На заміну їм прийшли такі фреони як R-134a, R-410A, R-404A та R-507 — це фторовуглеводневі сполуки, які мають нульовий озоноруйнівний потенціал.

Перший фреон винайшов Томас Міджлі, що працював в компанії «General Motors».

Див. також

Джерела

Посилання


Екологія Це незавершена стаття з екології.
Ви можете допомогти проєкту, виправивши або дописавши її.

Read other articles:

Wycliffe's Bible

Middle English translations of the Bible Wycliffe BibleAbbreviationWYCComplete Biblepublished1382Online asWycliffe Bible at WikisourceDerived fromLatin VulgateTranslation typeFormal equivalenceRevision1388,[a] 1395Genesis 1:1–3 In þe bigynnyng God made of nouȝt heuene and erþe. Forsoþe þe erþe was idel and voide, and derknessis weren on the face of depþe; and the Spiryt of þe Lord was borun on the watris. And God seide, Liȝt be maad, and liȝt was maad. John 3:16 ...

 

Halte Sindangresmi

Halte Sindangresmi Sindangresmi LokasiGirimukti, Campaka, Cianjur, Jawa Barat 43263IndonesiaKoordinat6°57′13.331″S 107°6′34.873″E / 6.95370306°S 107.10968694°E / -6.95370306; 107.10968694Koordinat: 6°57′13.331″S 107°6′34.873″E / 6.95370306°S 107.10968694°E / -6.95370306; 107.10968694Operator Kereta Api IndonesiaDaerah Operasi II Bandung Letakkm 76+674 lintas Bogor–Bandung–Banjar–Kutoarjo–Yogyakarta[1] Laya...

 

Resident Evil 1.5

Cancelled video game Video gameResident Evil 1.5Gameplay screenshot of Resident Evil 1.5, showing protagonist Elza Walker and a more modern Raccoon Police Station.Developer(s)CapcomDirector(s)Hideki KamiyaProducer(s)Shinji MikamiSeriesResident EvilPlatform(s)PlayStationGenre(s)Survival horrorMode(s)Single-player Resident Evil 1.5 is a scrapped prototype version of the 1998 survival horror game Resident Evil 2. It was under development by Capcom for the PlayStation, and was directed by Hideki ...

Genocide justification

Attempts to claim genocide is a moral action Justifying genocide redirects here. For the book, see Justifying Genocide. Otto Ohlendorf testifies at the Einsatzgruppen trial, in which he justified the Einsatzgruppen murders Genocide justification is the claim that a genocide is morally excusable/defensible, necessary, and/or sanctioned by law.[1] Genocide justification differs from genocide denial, which is the attempt to reject the occurrence of genocide. Perpetrators often claim that...

 

Kohila

Borough in Estonia Borough in Rapla County, EstoniaKohilaBoroughKohila manorKohilaLocation in EstoniaCoordinates: 59°10′4″N 24°45′1″E / 59.16778°N 24.75028°E / 59.16778; 24.75028Country EstoniaCounty Rapla CountyMunicipality Kohila ParishPopulation (01.01.2006) • Total3,505 Drone video of Kohila bridges, watermill and town (June 2022) Kohila (formerly also Kapa-Kohila, German: Koil, Kappakoil) is a borough (Estonian: alev) in Rapla County, ...

 

Up on the Roof (song)

1962 single by the Drifters This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Up on the Roof song – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Up on the RoofSide A of the US singleSingle by The Driftersfrom the album Our Biggest Hits B-s...

Корсаж

Корсаж чешского национального костюма Корса́ж (фр. corsage, от фр. corps — «тело»[1]) — часть женского платья, покрывающая бюст[2]. Содержание 1 История 2 Отличие корсажа от корсета 3 Корсаж в искусстве 4 Примечания 5 См. также 6 Литература 7 Ссылки История Фрагмент...

 

Joseph Brown House Ruins

Historic ruins in Minnesota, United States United States historic placeJoseph Brown House RuinsU.S. National Register of Historic Places Ruins of Joseph R. Brown's house, burned in 1862Show map of MinnesotaShow map of the United StatesLocationSacred Heart Township, Renville County, Minnesota, USANearest citySacred Heart, MinnesotaCoordinates44°41′47″N 95°19′22″W / 44.69639°N 95.32278°W / 44.69639; -95.32278Built1861ArchitectLeopold WohlerNRHP reference...

 

Синелобый амазон

Синелобый амазон Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ВторичноротыеТип:ХордовыеПодтип:ПозвоночныеИнфратип:ЧелюстноротыеНадкласс:ЧетвероногиеКлада:АмниотыКлада:ЗавропсидыКласс:Пт�...

Okjeo

OkjeoHangul옥저 Hanja沃沮 Alih AksaraOkjeoMcCune–ReischauerOkchŏ Bagian dari seri mengenai Sejarah Korea Prasejarah Zaman Jeulmun Zaman Mumun Kuno Gojoseon 2333 SM - 108 SM Jin Proto Tiga Kerajaan Buyeo Goguryeo Okjeo Dongye Samhan Mahan Byeon Jin Empat Jun di Dinasti Han Tiga Kerajaan Goguryeo 37 SM – 668 M Baekje 18 SM – 660 M Silla 57 SM – 935 M Konfederasi Gaya 42 M - 562 M Zaman Negara Utara-Selatan Silla Bersatu 668–935 Balhae 698–926 Tiga Kerajaan Akhir Baekje Akhir 89...

 

Senseless (Kodak Black song)

2021 single by Kodak Black SenselessSingle by Kodak BlackReleasedJuly 29, 2021Length2:23Label Sniper Gang Atlantic Songwriter(s) Bill Kapri Tyron Douglas Producer(s)Buddah BlessKodak Black singles chronology Grah Tah Tah (2021) Senseless (2021) Aug 25th (2021) Music videoSenseless on YouTube Senseless is a song by American rapper Kodak Black, released as a single on July 29, 2021.[1] Produced by Buddah Bless, it contains an interpolation of Make No Sense by YoungBoy Never Broke Again....

 

Law of Return

1950 Israeli law granting Jews the right to immigrate and gain Israeli citizenship This article is about the right of return in Israel. For similar laws in other countries, see Right of return. Part of a series onAliyah Concepts Promised Land Gathering of Israel Diaspora Negation Jews who remained in the Land of Israel Homeland for the Jewish people Zionism Jewish question Law of Return Pre-Modern Aliyah Return to Zion Old Yishuv Perushim Aliyah in modern times First Second during World War I...

West Kilbride

Village in North Ayrshire, Scotland Human settlement in ScotlandWest KilbrideWest Kilbride from Law HillWest KilbrideLocation within North AyrshirePopulation4,860 (mid-2020 est.)[1]OS grid referenceNS205485Council areaNorth AyrshireLieutenancy areaAyrshire and ArranCountryScotlandSovereign stateUnited KingdomPost townWEST KILBRIDEPostcode districtKA23Dialling code01294PoliceScotlandFireScottishAmbulanceScottish UK ParliamentNorth Ayrsh...

 

Eucalyptus occidentalis

Species of eucalyptus Flat-topped yate Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Eudicots Clade: Rosids Order: Myrtales Family: Myrtaceae Genus: Eucalyptus Species: E. occidentalis Binomial name Eucalyptus occidentalisEndl. Synonyms Eucalyptus agnata Domin Eucalyptus occidentalis var. occidentalis Eucalyptus occidentalis, commonly known as the flat topped yate or the swamp yate, is a tree that is native to Western Australia.[1] The ...

 

1596 in art

Overview of the events of 1596 in art This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: 1596 in art – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (February 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Overview of the events of 1596 in art List of years in art (table) … 1586 1587 1588 1589 1590 1591 1592...

You're Beautiful (seri televisi)

You're BeautifulYou're Handsome, He's BeautifulSutradaraHong Sung ChangPemeranJang Geun Suk Park Shin Hye Lee Hong Ki Jung Yong Hwa UeeNegara asal Korea SelatanJmlh. episode16ProduksiProduserHong Jung Eun, Hong Mi RanDurasiRabu dan Kamis pukul 21.55Rilis asliJaringanSBSRilis7 Oktober –26 November 2009Acara terkaitIkemen desu neFabulous Boys You're Beautiful (Bahasa Korea: 美男 이시네요, Romanisasi: Minam Ishineyo, secara harfiah You're a handsome man atau You're Minam, ...

 

Ashhurst

Settlement in Manawatū-Whanganui Region, New Zealand For other uses, see Ashurst. Place in Manawatū-Whanganui region, New ZealandAshhurst Whārite (Māori)Ashhurst seen from Te Apiti LookoutCoordinates: 40°18′S 175°45′E / 40.300°S 175.750°E / -40.300; 175.750CountryNew ZealandRegionManawatū-Whanganui regionTerritorial authorityPalmerston North CityWardTe Hirawanui General WardTe Pūao Māori WardElectoratesRangitīkeiTe Tai Hauāuru (Māori)Government&#...

 

Masaharu Fukuyama

Masaharu FukuyamaInformasi latar belakangNama lahirFukuyama Masaharu (福山雅治)Nama lainMasha, Masha-nii, Bike-sanLahir6 Februari 1969 (umur 55)NagasakiAsalNagasaki, Prefektur NagasakiGenreJ-PopPekerjaanPenyanyi, pencipta lagu, aktor, presenter radio, fotografer, bintang iklanInstrumenGitarTahun aktif1990 - sekarangLabelBMG Japan (1990-1999)Universal Music (2000 - sekarang)Situs webMasaharu Fukuyama Portal Jepang Portal Musik Masaharu Fukuyama (福山 雅治code: ja is deprecated , F...

Appleby (UK Parliament constituency)

Parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom, 1885–1918 ApplebyFormer county constituencyfor the House of CommonsCountyWestmorlandBoroughAppleby-in-WestmorlandMajor settlementsAppleby-in-Westmorland1885–1918Seats1Created fromWestmorlandReplaced byWestmorland1295–1832Seats2Type of constituencyborough constituencyCreated fromWestmorlandReplaced byWestmorland Appleby was a parliamentary constituency in the county of Westmorland in England. It existed for two separate periods: from 1295...

 

Mossad

National intelligence agency of Israel For the institute that facilitated Jewish immigration to the Levant from 1938 to 1952, see Mossad LeAliyah Bet. MossadInstitute for Intelligence and Special Operationsהמוסד למודיעין ולתפקידים מיוחדים‎الموساد للاستخبارات والمهام الخاصة‎Where there is no guidance, a nation falls, but in an abundance of counselors there is safety. (Proverbs 11:14)Agency overviewFormedDecember 13, 1...