Çin'de tarım

Yünnan-Yuanyang İlçesi'nde üstünde çalıştıkları teras şeklindeki pirinç tarlaları için meşhur olan Hani azınlığından bir çiftçi.

Çin'de tarım, 300 milyondan fazla çiftçiye iş veren oldukça önemli bir sektör.[1] Özellikle tahılların üretimiyle Çin, çiftlik üretiminde dünya çapında birinci sırada yer almaktadır. Çin'deki tarım sektörü kapsamında üretilen başlıca ürünler pirinç, buğday, patates, sorgum, yer fıstığı, çay, darı, arpa, pamuk, yağlı tohum, domuz eti ve balık. Ekonomik Kalkınma ve İşbirliği Örgütü tahminlerine göre tarım sektörü, ülkenin gayri safi yurt içi hasılasının %15'ini oluşturur ve toplam iş gücünün %40'ını temsil eder.[2]

Çiftlikler halihazırda otuz yıla kadar uzanabilen kiralik anlaşmalarıyla çiftçilere kiralayan köy topluluklarına aittir. Bu yarı-özelleştirmeye hem üretkenlikte hem de üretimde bir patlama eşlik etmiştir.

Çin tarımı yetiştirilebilir alanlardan yoksunluk çekiyor. Buna ek olarak, dünya nüfusunun %22'sini beslemesi gerektiğine rağmen, dünyanın ekilebilir arazisinin sadece yüzde onuna sahiptir. Ayrıca artan kentleşme, çevre kirliliği ve çölleşme nedeniyle ekilebilir alanın yılda yaklaşık 2.500 km2 azaldığı tahmin edilmektedir. Buna rağmen, 1990 ile 2003 yılları arasında tarımsal üretim %90 oranında arttı.

Ayrıca bakınız

Wikimedia Commons'ta Agriculture in China ile ilgili çoklu ortam belgeleri bulunur

Kaynakça

  1. ^ Communiqué on Major Data of the Second National Agricultural Census of China (No.1) National Bureau of Statistics of China, 2008. Copy on Internet Archive.
  2. ^ Le Monde, 15 Kasım 2005.

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