Tetrodotoksin

Tetradotoksinin kimyasal formülü C11H17N3O8

"Tetrodoks" olarak da bilinen Tetrodotoksin TTX olarak kısaltılır ve bazı zaman Vudu pratik edenler tarafından "zombi tozu" olarak da anılır, bilinen hiçbir panzehiri olmayan güçlü bir nörotoksin. Tetrodotoksine karşı farelerde olası bir panzehir başarılı bir şekilde test edilmiştir, ancak insanlarda etkinliğini belirlemek için başka testlerin de yapılmasına ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.[1] Fareler üzerinde yapılan bu deneylerde Fampridin maddesi (4-Aminopiridin) tetrodotoksin zehirinin etkisini tersine çevirerek bu zehire karşı direnç göstermiştir.[2] Tetradotoksin, sinir hücrelerinin zar membranlarında bulunan voltaja duyarlı sodyum kanallarına bağlanarak sinirlerdeki işlem potansiyelini engeller.[3] Bu toksinin bağlandığı yer, voltaja duyarlı Na + kanallarının gözenek açılışlarında yer alır ve ismini, kurbağa balığı (Tetraodontidae), kirpi balığı (Diodontidae), Güneş balığı (Mola mola) ve çotira balığı (Balistidae) gibi türleri içeren bir takımın ismi olan Tetraodontiformesden alır.

Tetrodotoksin, bu zehirli balıklarda keşfedilmiş ve diğer bazı hayvanlar da (örneğin, büyük mavi halkalı ahtapot, kaba tenli ve sarı karınlı semender (Taricha granulosa)[4] ve bir deniz salyangoz türü olan Naticidae[5] gibi), bulunmuş olmasına rağmen aslında bu canlıların içinde yaşayan Pseudoalteromonas tetraodonis gibi Pseudomonas ve Vibrio türlerine ait bazı simbiyotik bakteriler tarafından üretilirler.

Kaynakça

  1. ^ Rivera VR, Poli MA, Bignami GS. "Prophylaxis and treatment with a monoclonal antibody of tetrodotoxin poisoning in mice". Toxicon. September 1995;33(9):1231-7. [Medline].
  2. ^ Octopus Envenomations 6 Ekim 2008 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. at eMedicine.com
  3. ^ Hwang DF, Noguchi T (2007). "Tetrodotoxin poisoning". Adv. Food Nutr. Res. Advances in Food and Nutrition Research. Cilt 52. ss. 141-236. doi:10.1016/S1043-4526(06)52004-2. ISBN 9780123737113. PMID 17425946. 
  4. ^ Hogan CM (2 Aralık 2008). "Rough-Skinned Newt Taricha granulosa". GlobalTwitcher.com. 27 Mayıs 2009 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 6 Nisan 2009. 
  5. ^ Hwang DF, Tai KP, Chueh CH, Lin LC, Jeng SS (1991). "Tetrodotoxin and derivatives in several species of the gastropod Naticidae". Toxicon. 29 (8). ss. 1019-24. doi:10.1016/0041-0101(91)90084-5. PMID 1949060. 

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