St. Lawrence Adası

St. Lawrence Adası
İngilizce St. Lawrence Island
Sibirya Yupikçesi Sivuqaq
Harita
Coğrafya
BölgeBering Boğazı
Koordinatlar63°30'N 173°20'W
Ada sayısı1
Yüzölçümü&0000000000001791.5600001.791,56 km2
ZirveAtuk Dağı, 2,070 ft 
Siyasi
Adadaki ülke(ler)
Yerleşim yerleri
Demografi
Nüfus&0000000000001292.0000001.292
Nüfus yoğunluğu0.28 kişi/km2
Etnik grup(lar)Sibirya Yupikleri
St. Lawrence Adası ve iki kasabası
Havadan Gambel, Haziran 2006

St. Lawrence Adası (Sibirya Yupikçesi : Sivuqaq), Bering Boğazında Alaska anakarasının batısında bulunan ve Amerika Birleşik Devletlerinin Alaska eyaletinin Nome Census Area ilçesine bağlanan ada.

ABD'nin 6. büyük adası olan St. Lawrence, dünyanın da 113. büyük adasıdır. İki şehri vardır: Başkent Gambell ile Savoonga.

Tarih

2.000 yıldır aralıklarla insan yerleşimindedir. 18. ve 19. yüzyıllarda 4.000 'den fazla kişinin 35 köyde yaşadığı bilinmektedir. 1878 ve 1880 yıllarındaki kıtlık ada nüfusunun büyük bir kısmının ölümüne yol açmıştır. ABD Kongresinde 18 Aralık 1971 tarihinde yürülüğe giren Alaska Yerli Talepleri Çözümleme Yasası (ANCSA Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act) gereği ada Savoonga ve Gambell kasabalarındaki Sibirya Yupikleri tarafından ortaklaşa sahiplenilmektedir.[1]

Yerli halk

Ana madde: Sibirya Yupikleri

Adanın yerlileri Sibirya Yupikleridir. Alaska'da yaşadıkları tek yer burasıdır. Irkdaşları, Rusya'ya bağlı Çukotka Özerk Okrugunda bulunmaktadır.

İklim

Kışın karasal etkileri olan bir deniz iklimine sahiptir. Sis ve rüzgâr yaygındır ve yılda 300 gün yağış alır. Ortalama yıllık kar yağışı 15 inç tir. Bering Denizi Kasım ortalarından Mayıs sonuna kadar donar. En düşük sıcaklık yazın 34 ila 48 F, kışın -2 ila 10 F.

Ulaşım

İzole bir ada olması dolayısıyla ulaşım ağırlıklı olarak hava yoluyla olur. Devlete ait havaalanı 4.500 ft uzunluğunda ve 95 ft genişliğinde olup standartları yüksek değildir. Anakaradan Nome ve Unalakleet'den tarifeli charter seferleri vardır. Kotzebue ve Shishmaref'ten yük gemisi seferleri yapılır.[1]

Şebeke

Su, kuyulardan ve Troutmann Gölünden sağlanır. Buralardan elde edilen su üç depolama tankında saklanır. 116 ev borulu su ve kanalizasyon sistemine bağlıdır. Okulların ve çamaşırhanenin kendilerine ait su kuyuları ve septik tank sistemleri var.

Ayrıca bakınız

Kaynakça

  1. ^ a b "Douglas Vaught (2006), Gambell, Alaska Wind Resource Report" (PDF). 24 Haziran 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF). Erişim tarihi: 17 Eylül 2010. 

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