Sekiz saatlik iş günü

Sekiz saatlik iş günü hareketi veya haftada 40 saat hareketi ayrıca kısa süreli hareket diye de bilinir, bir iş gününün uzunluğunu düzenleyen, aşırılıkları ve suistimalleri önleyen toplumsal bir harekettir. Sekiz saatlik iş gününün kökeni 16. yüzyıl İspanyasına dayanmaktadır,[1] ancak modern hareketin geçmişi büyük fabrikalardaki endüstriyel üretimin çalışma hayatını değiştirdiği Britanya'daki sanayi devrime kadar uzanmaktadır. O zaman, çalışma günü 10 ile 16 saat arasında değişkenlik gösterirdi. Çalışma haftası tipik olarak haftada altı gündü ve çocuk işçi kullanımı yaygındı.[2][3] Fabrika ve tahkimat işçileri için 8 saatlik işgününü kanunla uygulamaya koyan ilk ülke 1593'te İspanya idi.[1] Modern çağda, 1917 yılında Sovyetler Birliği tarafından tüm mesleklere uyarlanmıştır.[4]

Kaynak

  1. ^ a b Cervera, César (8 Mayıs 2019). "La jornada de ocho horas: ¿un invento "sindicalista" del Rey Felipe II?" [The eight-hour day: a "unionist" invention of King Philip II?]. www.abc.es (İspanyolca). ABC. 8 Mayıs 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 22 Ekim 2020. 
  2. ^ Chase, Eric. "The Brief Origins of May Day". Industrial Workers of the World. 8 Ekim 2006 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 30 Eylül 2009. 
  3. ^ "The Haymarket Martyrs". The Illinois Labor History Society. 9 Mayıs 2008 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 30 Eylül 2009. 
  4. ^ "Decree on the Hours of Labor". www.marxists.org. 16 Temmuz 2018 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. 

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