Presleme (şarap)

Viognier pres tavasında preslendikten sonra meyve suyu.

Şarap yapımında presleme, üzüm suyunun bir şarap presi yardımıyla, elle veya hatta üzüm meyveleri ve salkımlarının ağırlığıyla çıkarıldığı işlemdir.[1] Tarihsel olarak, bozulmamış üzüm salkımları ayakla çiğneniyordu, ancak bugün çoğu şarap imalathanesinde üzümler, üzüm tanelerini saplarından ayrı ayrı çıkaran ve kabuklarını kırarak preslenmeden önce biraz meyve suyu bırakan bir kırıcı/yok edici aracılığıyla gönderiliyor. Şampanya gibi üzümlerin geleneksel olarak tam salkım halinde preslendiği ve fenolik içeriği düşük, daha hafif bir şıra üretmek için sapların dahil edildiği bölgelerde köpüklü şarap üretimi gibi istisnalar vardır.[2]

Beyaz şarap üretiminde, presleme genellikle ezmeden hemen sonra ve/veya birincil fermantasyondan önce gerçekleşir. Kırmızı şarap üretiminde, üzümler de ezilir, ancak presleme genellikle fermantasyonun sonuna veya sonuna kadar gerçekleşmez ve meyve suyu ile üzüm arasındaki cilt teması, deriden renk, tanenler ve diğer fenolik maddeleri sızdırır.[1] Üzüm meyvesi içindeki mevcut meyve suyunun yaklaşık %60-70'i, serbest dolaşan meyve suyu, kırma işlemiyle açığa çıkabilir ve pres kullanımını gerektirmez.[2] Preslemeden gelen kalan %30-40 daha yüksek pH'a sahip olabilir seviyeleri, daha düşük titre edilebilir asitlik, potansiyel olarak daha yüksek uçucu asitlik ve serbest dolaşan meyve suyuna göre daha yüksek fenolikler, basınç miktarına ve kabukların yırtılmasına bağlı olarak daha buruk, acı şarap üretecektir.[3]

Şarap üreticileri, şarap yapım sürecinin büyük bir bölümünde ya ayrı ayrı şişelemek ya da daha sonra daha fazlasını yapmak için her birinin bölümlerini karıştırmak için genellikle serbest dolaşan meyve sularını ve preslenmiş şarabı ayrı tutarlar (ve belki de farklı basınç seviyeleri/presleme aşamaları tarafından üretilen şarabı daha da izole ederler). tam, dengeli şarap.[4][5] Uygulamada, birçok şarabın hacmi %85 ila %90 serbest dolaşımlı meyve suyu ve %10-15 preslenmiş meyve suyundan yapılır.[6]

Kaynakça

  1. ^ a b Jeff Cox From Vines to Wines: The Complete Guide to Growing Grapes and Making Your Own Wine pgs 131-142 Storey Publishing 1999 1-58017-105-2
  2. ^ a b J. Robinson (ed) The Oxford Companion to Wine Third Edition pgs 285-286, 545-546, 767 Oxford University Press 2006 0198609906
  3. ^ R. Boulton, V. Singleton, L. Bisson, R. Kunkee Principles and Practices of Winemaking pgs 91-95, 219 Springer 1996 New York 978-1-4419-5190-8
  4. ^ Jim Law The Backyard Vintner pgs 114-117, 140-143 Quarry Books 2005 Gloucester, MA 1592531989
  5. ^ D. Bird "Understanding Wine Technology" pg 47-53 DBQA Publishing 2005 1-891267-91-4
  6. ^ Dr. Yair Margalit, Winery Technology & Operations A Handbook for Small Wineries pgs 41-46 The Wine Appreciation Guild (1996) 0-932664-66-0

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