Mozambik Millî Direnişi

Mozambik Milli Direnişi ya da RENAMO (Portekizce: Resistência Nacional Moçambicana, RENAMO) Mozambik'teki militan bir örgüt ve siyasi harekettir. Başlangıçta Rodezya Merkezi İstihbarat Örgütü'nün (CIO) sponsorluğunda, ülkenin iktidardaki FRELIMO partisine karşı komünizm karşıtı tepkinin bir parçası olarak 1975'te kuruldu.

Partinin bayrağı
Partinin kullandığı başka bir bayrak

Başlangıçta FRELIMO'nun silahlı kanadında eski bir üst düzey yetkili olan André Matsangaissa tarafından yönetilen hareketin kökleri, Mozambik bağımsızlığından hemen önce ve kısa bir süre sonra ortaya çıkan FRELIMO karşıtı muhalif grupların yanı sıra Güney Afrika Birliği ve Rodezya'nın bunları teşvik etme girişimlerine dayanmaktadır. RENAMO'nun saflarının FRELIMO'ya prensipte gerçekten karşı çıkan Mozambikli siyasi sürgünler ve zorla askere alınan diğer birkaç kişi tarafından desteklendiği açıktır. 4 Ekim 1992'de FRELIMO ve RENAMO, Roma Genel Barış Anlaşmalarını imzalayarak Mozambik İç Savaşı'nı sona erdirdi.

RENAMO'yu eleştirenler sık sık hareketi Rodezya'nın ve daha sonra Güney Afrika Birliği'nin apartheid hükûmetinin "kukla ordusu" olarak kınadılar.[1] RENAMO'nun yalnızca Rodezyalı isyancılara Mozambikli desteğiyle mücadele etmek amacıyla kurulduğu teorisi ortaya atıldı. Öte yandan, RENAMO, bağımsızlık sonrası dönemde FRELIMO'nun kendi parçalanan destek tabanını ve azalan popülerliğini de yansıtıyordu. Savaşın ardından, güçlü bir yerel özel sektörün yanı sıra anayasal reformu teşvik etmekten sorumlu olmuştur.

1979'da ölen Matsangaissa'nın yerini 2018'deki ölümüne kadar örgütü yöneten Afonso Dhlakama aldı. Bitmek bilmeyen çatışmaların ardından, Ağustos 2019'da RENAMO ile Mozambik hükûmeti arasında bir barış anlaşmasına varıldı ve son RENAMO savaşçıları silahlarını teslim etti. RENAMO lideri Ossufo Momade daha sonra "barışı ve ulusal uzlaşmayı sürdürme" sözü verdi.

Kaynakça

  1. ^ "Renamo, Malawi and the struggle to succeed Banda: Assessing theories of Malawian intervention in the Mozambican Civil War" (PDF). www.arts.monash.edu.au. 11 Kasım 2009. 28 Mart 2012 tarihinde kaynağından (PDF) arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 8 Mart 2016. 

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