Kardiyovasküler hastalık

Kardiyovasküler hastalıklar
Kalp dokusu mikroskopisi; fibrozis (sarı) ve kalp amiloidozu (kahverengi) görülüyor. Movat boyası.
UzmanlıkKardiyoloji
TiplerKoroner arter hastalığı, inme, kalp yetmezliği, hipertansif kalp hastalığı, romatizmal kalp rahatsızlığı, kardiyomiyopati[1][2]
KorunmaSağlıklı beslenme, egzersiz, tütün dumanından kaçınmak, alkol alımını azaltmak[1]
TedaviYüksek kan basıncı, yüksek kan lipitleri ve diyabeti tedavi etmek[1]
Ölüm17.9 milyon / 32% (2015)[3]

Kardiyovasküler hastalık, kalp veya kan damarlarının (arterler ve venler) hastalıklarını içeren gruba verilen genel bir isimlendirmedir.[4] Kardiyovasküler hastalık dolaşım sistemini etkileyen herhangi bir hastalığı tanımlar. Özellikle kalp hastalıkları, beyin ve böbrek damarlarını etkileyen hastalıklar ve periferik damar hastalıkları bu gruba girer.[5] Kardiyovasküler hastalıklarının nedenleri çeşitlilik göstermesine rağmen en sık nedenler ateroskleroz ve / veya hipertansiyon olarak görülmektedir.

Kardiyovasküler hastalıklar dünya çapında ölümlerin en büyük nedenidir. Son yirmi yıl içinde, kardiyovasküler hastalıklardan ölüm oranları yüksek gelirli ülkelerde düşmüş olsa da hastalık ve ölüm oranları düşük ve orta gelirli ülkelerde şaşırtıcı derecede hızlı bir şekilde artmıştır.[6] Bu hastalıklar genellikle yaşlı yetişkinlerde görülse de özellikle ateroskleroz, geçmişi çocukluk çağına dayandığından birincil korunma çabaları yaşamın erken dönemlerinde başlamalıdır[7] Bu nedenle ateroskleroz önlenmesinde sağlıklı beslenme, egzersiz ve sigaradan kaçınma gibi risk faktörlerini ortadan kaldırmaya yönelik artan vurgu vardır.

Türleri

Ana madde: Koroner kalp hastalığı
  • Kardiyomiyopati - kalp kası hastalıkları
Ana madde: Kardiyomiyopati
  • Hipertansif kalp hastalığı - Yüksek tansiyona sekonder kalp hastalıkları
Ana madde: Hipertansif Kalp Hastalığı
  • Kalp yetmezliği
Ana madde: Kalp yetmezliği
  • Kor pulmonale - kalbin sağ tarafında yetmezlik
Ana madde: Kor pulmonale
  • Kardiyak aritmiler - kalp ritim anormallikleri
Ana madde: Kardiyak aritmiler
Özürlülüğe göre düzeltilmiş yaşam yılı, 2004 yılında 100,000 kişi başına inflamatuar kalp hastalıkları.[8]
  no data
  less than 70
  70-140
  140-210
  210-280
  280-350
  350-420
  420-490
  490-560
  560-630
  630-700
  700-770
  more than 770
Ana madde: Kalp kapak hastalığı
Ana madde: İnme
  • Periferik arter hastalığı
Ana madde: Periferik arter hastalığı

Kaynakça

  1. ^ a b c Mendis S, Puska P, Norrving B (2011). Global Atlas on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Control (PDF). World Health Organization in collaboration with the World Heart Federation and the World Stroke Organization. ss. 3-18. ISBN 978-92-4-156437-3. 17 Ağustos 2014 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF). Erişim tarihi: 15 Haziran 2020. 
  2. ^ Naghavi M, Wang H, Lozano R, Davis A, Liang X, Zhou M, ve diğerleri. (GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators) (Ocak 2015). "Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". Lancet. 385 (9963): 117-71. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2. PMC 4340604 $2. PMID 25530442. 
  3. ^ Wang H, Naghavi M, Allen C, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Carter A, ve diğerleri. (GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators) (Ekim 2016). "Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1459-1544. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1. PMC 5388903 $2. PMID 27733281. 
  4. ^ Maton, Anthea (1993). Human Biology and Health. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-981176-1. 
  5. ^ Bridget B. Kelly; Institute of Medicine; Fuster, Valentin (2010). Promoting Cardiovascular Health in the Developing World: A Critical Challenge to Achieve Global Health. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press. ISBN 0-309-14774-3. 
  6. ^ Mendis, S.; Puska, P.; Norrving, B.(editors) (2011), Global Atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control, ISBN 978-92-4-156437-3 
  7. ^ McGill HC, McMahan CA, Gidding SS (Mart 2008). "Preventing heart disease in the 21st century: implications of the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) study". Circulation. 117 (9). ss. 1216-27. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.717033. PMID 18316498. 
  8. ^ "WHO Disease and injury country estimates". World Health Organization. 2009. 11 Şubat 2014 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 11 Kasım 2009. 

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