Isırgan

Isırgan
Urtica dioica
Biyolojik sınıflandırma Bu sınıflandırmayı düzenle
Âlem: Plantae
Şube: Tracheophyta
Sınıf: Magnoliopsida
Takım: Rosales
Familya: Urticaceae
Oymak: Urticeae
Cins: Urtica
L., Sp. Pl. 2: 983. (1753).
Türler
metne bakınız.
  • Vikitür'de Urtica ile ilgili ayrıntılı taksonomik bilgiler bulunur.
Urtica dubia

Isırgan (Urtica), Isırgangiller (Urticaceae) familyasının Urtica cinsinden Mayıs-Ağustos ayları arasında çiçek açan, bir yıllık veya çok yıllık bir evcikli otsu bitki türlerinin ortak adı.

Gövdeleri dik, 4 köşemsi, basit veya tabandan itibaren dallanmıştır. Üzerinde yakıcı tüyleri bulunur. Yapraklar saplı, oval şekilli ve dişli kenarlı, üst tarafı koyu yeşil renkli ve parlak olup, yakıcı tüylerle kaplıdır. Erkek ve dişi çiçekler bir arada olmak üzere yaprakların koltuğunda uzunca saplı küçük durumlar teşkil ederler. Çiçek örtüsü 4 parçalıdır. Meyveleri esmer renkte ve fındıksıdır. Tohum, yağ ihtiva eden bir besi dokuya sahiptir.

Isırgan bitkisinin geleneksel ve güncel kullanılışı; topraküstü kısımları (herba), taşıdığı flavonoit bileşikler, mineral maddeler ve lutein vb karotenoit bileşikler nedeniyle diüretik etkisi dolayısıyladır. Diüretik etkisi nedeniyle; zayıflama çaylarının, idrar yollarını yıkamaya ve romatizmal ödemlerin boşaltılmasına yönelik çayların ve bitkisel ilaçların bileşimine girmektedir.

Taşıdığı emergenz tüyler, bitkiye dokununca başı kırılır ve içindeki formik asit, histamin gibi maddeler, cilde değen yerde kaşıntı ve kızarıklık yapar, bu nedenle Türkçede ısırgan denmektedir.

Türler

U. angustifolia – U. ardens – U. atrichocaulis – U. atrovirens – U. cannabina – U. chamaedryoides – U. dioica – U. ferox – U. fissa – U. galeopsifolia – U. gracilenta – U. gracilis – U. hyperborea – U. incisa – U. kioviensis – U. laetivirens – U. mairei – U. membranacea – U. morifolia – U. parviflora – U. pilulifera – U. platyphylla – U. pubescens – U. rupestris – U. simensis – U. sondenii – U. taiwaniana – U. thunbergiana – U. triangularis – U. urens

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