Hint-Aryanlar

Hint-İran göçleriyle ilişkili arkeolojik kültürler.

Hint-Aryanlar, Hint-Aryan dilleri konuşan bir Hint-Avrupalı etnik ve dilsel gruptur. Hint-Aryan halklarının varsayımsal olarak kökenlerinin Orta Asya sınırlarının kuzeyinde yer almış Sintaşta ve Andronovo kültürlerine (ve Proto Hint-İranlılara) dayandığı,[1][2] buradan Hint-Avrupalı olmayan Baktria-Margiyana Arkeoloji Bölgesi kültüründen dinî, dilsel ve kültürel açıdan etkilenerek Hint altkıtasının kuzeyine göç ettikleri düşünülmektedir.[3][4] Göçlerin MÖ 1800 civarında, savaş at arabasının icadından sonra başlamış olduğu varsayılır. Bu dönemde Hint-Aryanlar ile İranî halkların birbirlerinden farklılaştığı tahmin edilmektedir.[5] Göçlerin Levant bölgesine ve Hint altkıtasına doğru gerçekleştiği kabul edilmektedir.[6][7][8] Christopher I. Beckwith'e göre Usunlar Hint-Aryan asıllı olup, bu halk Çin'e doğru başka bir göçün sonucunda ortaya çıkmıştır.[8][8]

Pakistan, Hindistan, Bangladeş, Nepal, Sri Lanka ve Maldivler modern Hint-Aryan halklarının yaşadığı bölgeleri oluşturmaktadır. Hint altkıtası dışında halklar geçmişte muhtemelen Batı Çin, Levant ve Anadolu'ya (Mitanniler) da yayılmış olmakla birlikte, çağdaş bir Hint-Aryan halkı günümüzde bu bölgelerde yerli olarak bulunmamaktadır.

Hint-Aryan dillerin, Hint-Aryan halklarının bölgeye toplu göçü yerine, bu halklara ait dini veya siyasi elit bir grup altında yerel halkların kültürel ve dilsel değişime uğrayarak bu dilleri benimsemesi vasıtasıyla yayıldığı öne sürülmektedir.[9]

Ayrıca bakınız

Kaynakça

  1. ^ Mallory & Adams 1997, ss. 20–21
  2. ^ Parpola 2015.
  3. ^ Beckwith 2009, s. 32.
  4. ^ Anthony 2007, ss. 454–455.
  5. ^ Lubotsky, Alexander, (2020). "What language was spoken by the people of the Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex?" 28 Ocak 2021 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi., in Paul W. Kroll and Jonathan A. Silk (eds.), 'At the Shores of the Sky': Asian Studies for Albert Hoffstädt, Brill, Leiden/Boston, p. 6: "...The breakdown of the Indo-Iranian branch into Indian and Iranian occurred somewhere between 2000 and 1600 bce, when future Indians left their tribesmen and crossed the Hindu Kush on their way to India..."
  6. ^ Burrow 1973.
  7. ^ Anthony 2007, s. 454.
  8. ^ a b c Beckwith 2009, ss. 376–377.
  9. ^ Basu et al. 2003, s. 2287.

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