Hassân bin Sâbit

Hassân b. Sâbit (Arapça: حسان بن ثابت, d. 563? - ö. 682?), hem İslam öncesinde hem de İslam sonrasında şiir söylemiş önemli bir Arap şairiydi. Özellikle Müslüman olduktan sonra Muhammed'i ve Müslümanları desteklemek için söylediği şiirleriyle ün kazanmıştır. Bu yüzden Muhammed'in baş şairi olarak anılmaktadır. Özellikle methiye ve hicviye şairi olarak bilinmektedir.[1]

Babası Sabit de şair ve kabilesinin önde gelenlerindendi. Hassan'ın yaşamı ile ilgili bilgiler daha çok Divan'ındaki şiirlerinde anlattıklarına dayanır. İslam öncesi dönemin parlak ve önde gelen şairlerinden sayılır. Bu dönemde kabileler arasındaki çatışmalarda kendi kabilesini, yazdığı şiirlerle başarılı bir biçimde savundu. 60 yaşına doğru Müslümanlığı kabul etti ve bu tarihten sonra sürekli olarak Muhammed'in yanında kaldı. Savaşlara katılmamakla birlikte Muhammed'i hicvetmeye kalkışanları karşı hicivleriyle bastırdı. Peygamberi öven şiirler yazdı. Tamim Kabilesi'nin hatip ve şairlerini de bir kasidesi ile alt ettiği gibi bu kabilenin Müslümanlığı kabul etmesini sağladı. Bu nedenlerle İslam topluluğunda büyük saygınlık gördü ve "Peygamberin Şairi" olarak ünlendi. Arada Gittiği Gassaniler'in sarayında da iyi kabul gördü. Halife Ömer döneminde (634-644) ilerlemiş yaşına ve gözleri kör olmasına karşın şiir söylemeyi sürdürdü. Halife Osman'ı destekledi ve ölümünde (656) onun için bir mersiye yazdı. Ali'ye biat etmeyerek Şam'a gidip bir süre Muaviye'nin yanında kaldı, sonra yine Medine'ye döndü. Divan'ın hangi tarihte düzenlendiği saptanamamıştır.

Konuyla ilgili yayınlar

Ayyıldız, Esat. “Hassân b. Sâbit’in Methiyeleri”. ICHES Uluslararası İnsani Bilimler ve Eğitim Bilimleri Kongresi. ed. Meriç Eraslan. 286-298. İzmir: Asos Yayınevi, 2019.

Ayyıldız, Esat. Klasik Arap Şiirinde Emevî Dönemine Kadar Hiciv. Ankara: Gece Kitaplığı, 2020, s.335-360.

Kaynakça

  1. ^ Ayyıldız, Esat. “Hassân b. Sâbit’in Methiyeleri”. ICHES Uluslararası İnsani Bilimler ve Eğitim Bilimleri Kongresi. ed. Meriç Eraslan. 286-298. İzmir: Asos Yayınevi, 2019.

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