Düzlem dalga

3 boyutta hareket eden bir düzlem dalga

Fizikte düzlem dalgalar, uzayda herhangi bir yöne dik düzlemler şeklinde hareket eden dalgalardır. Bu dalgalar, hareket ettikleri yöne dik bir kesit boyunca aynı değeri verir. x ekseninde hızında hareket eden bir düzlem dalganın fonksiyonu,

şeklinde yazılabilir. Genelde düzlem dalga tabiri monokromatik düzlem dalgaları belirtmek için kullanılır; bu tip birer sinüs dalgası olarak hareket etmektedir ve dalga denkleminin en basit çözümü olarak kabul edilebilir. Bu tip dalgalar genellikle fazör gösterimi kullanılarak karmaşık fonksiyonlarla ifade edilir:[1][2]

Bu ifadede dalga vektörüne ve da açısal frekansa tekabül eder. Düzlem dalgalar teknik olarak hareket ettikleri düzlemler boyunca sonsuz bir alanı kaplarlar ve boşlukta hareket ederken dağılmazlar; bu dalgaların gerçekte fiziksel olarak oluşması bu nedenle mümkün değildir. Buna karşın düzlem dalgalar dalga denkleminin basit bir çözümünü oluşturduğundan dolayı elektromanyetizma ve optikte modellemede sıklıkla kullanılır. Çok uzaktan gelen dalgalar (örnek olarak güneş ışınları) bir düzlem dalga olarak modellenebilmektedir. Lineer ortamlarda elektromanyetik dalga denklemi gibi denklemlerin çözümleri birden fazla düzlem dalganın toplamı olarak yazılabilir: bu süperpozisyon prensibinin bir sonucudur.[3][4]

Galeri

  • Bir düzlem dalga animasyonu. Dalganın fazları farklı renkte gösterilmiştir.
    Bir düzlem dalga animasyonu. Dalganın fazları farklı renkte gösterilmiştir.
  • Enine düzlem dalgalar
    Enine düzlem dalgalar
  • Lineer polarizasyonlu bir elektromanyetik düzlem dalga
    Lineer polarizasyonlu bir elektromanyetik düzlem dalga
  • Düzlem dalgalarda faz farkı
    Düzlem dalgalarda faz farkı

Ayrıca bakınız

Kaynakça

  1. ^ Jackson, John David (1998). Classical Electrodynamics (İngilizce). John Wiley & Sons. ss. 295-297. ISBN 978-0-471-30932-1. 
  2. ^ Griffiths, David J. (1999). Introduction to Electrodynamics (İngilizce). Prentice Hall. ss. 376-380. ISBN 978-0138053260. 
  3. ^ Paschotta, Rüdiger. "Plane Waves" (İngilizce). rp-photonics.com. 12 Mart 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 18 Haziran 2020. 
  4. ^ Cheng., David K. (2015). Köksal, Adnan; Saka, Birsen (Ed.). Fundamentals of Engineering Electromagnetics [Mühendislik Elektromanyetiğinin Temelleri] (2 bas.). Palme. ss. 273-277. ISBN 978-975-8982-99-8. 

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