Crocodyliformes

Crocodyliformes
Yaşadığı dönem aralığı: 225-0 myö
Noriyen-Günümüz 
Protosuchus, erken Crocodyliform
Biyolojik sınıflandırma Bu sınıflandırmayı düzenle
Âlem: Animalia
Şube: Chordata
Sınıf: Reptilia
Klad: Crocodylomorpha
Klad: Crocodyliformes
Hay, 1930[1]
Alt gruplar

Crocodyliformes, genellikle geleneksel olarak "timsahlar" olarak adlandırılan grup olan crurotarsan arkozorlarının bir kladıdır. Daha sonraki akrabalarını tanımlayan özelliklerin çoğuna sahip olan Crocodylomorpha'nın ilk üyeleridir.

Ekoloji

Tüm mevcut timsahlar etobur iken, Mesozoyik Crocodyliformlarının ekolojik rolleri daha çeşitliydi; hem omnivorları hem otoburları içeriyordu. Otçul formlar, erken Jura döneminden geç Kretase dönemine kadar mevcuttu ve otçulluğun en az üç kez evrimleştiği düşünülüyor.[2]

Fosil izleri

Crocodyliformların izleri, Kretase'den beri görülmektedir. En erken izler Batrachopodidae familyasını temsil eden izlerdir, Mateus ve diğerleri (2017) tarafındann Erken Kretase (geç Aptiyen) Calonda (Angola'da bir bölge) Oluşumundan olduğu açıklanmıştır ve bu canlı yeni bir tür ismi olan Angolaichnus adamanticus adını almıştır.[3]

Filogeni

Aşağıda Fiorelli ve Calvo'ya (2007) dayanan basitleştirilmiş bir kladogram bulunmaktadır:[4]

Crocodylomorpha 
 
 

Terrestrisuchus

 
 

Dibothrosuchus

 
 
 Crocodyliformes 
 
 Gobiosuchidae 
 

Gobiosuchus

 
 

Zaraasuchus

 
 
 
 

Orthosuchus

 
 
 Protosuchidae 
 

Protosuchus

 
 

Hemiprotosuchus

 
 
 
 

"Kayenta Form"

 
 

Edentosuchus

 
 
 
 
 
 

Mesoeucrocodylia

 
 
 

2012'de paleontologlar Mario Bronzati, Felipe Chinaglia Montefeltro ve Max C. Langer tarafından, 184 tür dahil olmak üzere Crocodyliformların süper ağaçları çözüldü.Aşağıda çalışmadan bir fikir birliği ağacı bulunmaktadır:[5]

 
 

Kayentasuchus walkeri

 
Crocodyliformes
Protosuchia
 

Orthosuchus stormbergi

 
 
 
 

Protosuchus richardsoni

 
 

Hemiprotosuchus leali

 
 
 
 

Kayenta Form

 
 

Edentosuchus tienshanensis

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Zaraasuchus shepardi

 
 

Las Hoyas Croc

 
 

Gobiosuchus kielanae

 
 
 
 

Eopneumatosuchus colberti

 
 
 

Zosuchus davidsoni

 
 
 
 

Sichuanosuchus shuhanensis

 
 

Sichuanosuchus huidongensis

 
 
 
 

Shantungosuchus hangjinensis

 
 

Shantungosuchus chuhsiensis

 
 

Shantungosuchus brachycephalus

 
 

Neuquensuchus universitas

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Shartegosuchus asperopalatum

 
 

Fruita Form (Fruitachampsa callisoni)

 
 
 
 
 

Hsisosuchus dashanpuensis

 
 

Hsisosuchus chungkingensis

 
 
 
Notosuchia
 
 

Araripesuchus wegeneri

 
 
 

Araripesuchus tsangatsangana

 
 

Araripesuchus buitreraensis

 
 
 

Araripesuchus patagonicus

 
 

Araripesuchus gomesii

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Uruguaysuchus terrai

 
 

Uruguaysuchus aznarezi

 
 
 
 

Libycosuchus brevirostris

 
 
 

Simosuchus clarki

 
 
 
 

Malawisuchus mwakasyungutiensis

 
 

Candidodon itapecuruense

 
 
 
 
 

Notosuchus terrestris

 
 
 

Comahuesuchus brachybuccalis

 
 
 

Mariliasuchus amarali

 
 
 

Yacarerani boliviensis

 
 

Pakasuchus kapilimai

 
 

Adamantinasuchus navae

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Stratiotosuchus maxhechti

 
 

Pehuenchesuchus enderi

 
 

Pabwehshi pakistanensis

 
 

Iberosuchus macrodon

 
 

Eremosuchus elkoholicus

 
 

Doratodon

 
 

Bergisuchus dietrichbergi

 
 

Baurusuchus salgadoensis

 
 

Baurusuchus pachechoi

 
 
 

Chimaerasuchus paradoxus

 
 
 

Sphagesaurus huenei

 
 

Sphagesaurus montealtensis

 
 
 
 
 
 

Sebecus huilensis

 
 

Sebecus icaeorhinus

 
 
 
 

Itaborai Croc

 
 

Bretesuchus bonapartei

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Anatosuchus minor

 
 
 
 

Barcinosuchus gradilis

 
 

Itasuchus jesuinoi

 
 
 

Miadanasuchus oblita

 
 

Trematochampsa taqueti

 
 

Caririsuchus camposi

 
 
 
 
 

Kaprosuchus saharicus

 
 

Mahajangasuchus insignis

 
 
Peirosauridae
 

Hamadasuchus rebouli

 
 
 

Montealtosuchus arrudacamposi

 
 

Uberabasuchus terrificus

 
 
 

Peirosaurus torminni

 
 

Lomasuchus palpebrosus

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Neosuchia

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Kaynakça

  1. ^ "Crocodyliformes". Mindat.org. 
  2. ^ Melstrom (2019). "Repeated Evolution of Herbivorous Crocodyliforms during the Age of Dinosaurs". Current Biology. 29 (14): 2389-2395.e3. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.05.076. PMID 31257139. 
  3. ^ Octávio Mateus (2017). "Angolan ichnosite in a diamond mine shows the presence of a large terrestrial mammaliamorph, a crocodylomorph, and sauropod dinosaurs in the Early Cretaceous of Africa". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 471: 220-232. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.12.049. 
  4. ^ Fiorelli (2007). "The first "protosuchian" (Archosauria: Crocodyliformes) from the Cretaceous (Santonian) of Gondwana". Arquivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro. 65 (4): 417-459. 
  5. ^ Bronzati (2012). "A species-level supertree of Crocodyliformes". Historical Biology. 24 (6): 598-606. doi:10.1080/08912963.2012.662680. 

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