Böbrek kanseri

Renal kanser olarak da bilinen böbrek kanseri, böbrekte başlayan bir kanser grubudur.[1] Semptomlar idrarda kan, karında şişlik veya sırt ağrısını içerebilir.[2][3][4] Ateş, kilo kaybı ve yorgunluk da ortaya çıkabilir.[2][3][4] Komplikasyonlar akciğerlere veya beyne yayılmayı içerebilir.[5]

Böbrek kanserinin ana türleri renal hücreli kanser (RCC), transizyonel hücreli kanser (TCC) ve Wilms tümörüdür.[6] RCC, böbrek kanserlerinin yaklaşık %80'ini oluşturur ve TCC, geri kalanın çoğunu oluşturur.[7] RCC ve TCC için risk faktörleri arasında sigara kullanımı, bazı ağrı kesici ilaçlar, geçirilmiş mesane kanseri, fazla kilolu olma, yüksek tansiyon, bazı kimyasallar ve aile öyküsü yer alır.[2][3] Wilms tümörü için risk faktörleri arasında aile öyküsü ve WAGR sendromu gibi bazı genetik bozukluklar yer alır.[4] Semptomlara, idrar testlerine ve tıbbi görüntülemeye dayanarak tanıdan şüphelenilebilir.[2][3][4] Doku biyopsisi ile doğrulanır.[2][3][4]

Tedavi cerrahiyi, radyasyon terapisini, kemoterapiyi, immünoterapiyi ve hedefe yönelik tedaviyi içerebilir.[2][3][4] Böbrek kanseri 2018 yılında dünya çapında yaklaşık 403.300 kişiyi yeni etkilemiş ve 175.000 ölümle sonuçlanmıştır.[8] Başlangıç genellikle 45 yaş sonrasındadır.[1] Erkekler kadınlardan daha sık etkilenir.[1] Genel olarak beş yıllık hayatta kalma oranı Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde %75, Kanada'da %71, Çin'de %70 ve Avrupa'da %60'tır.[1][9][10][11] Böbrekle sınırlı kanserlerde 5 yıllık sağkalım oranı %93, çevredeki lenf bezlerine yayılmışsa %70, geniş yayılmışsa %12'dir.[1] Böbrek kanseri, en yaygın 13. kanser türü olarak tanımlanmıştır[12] ve dünyadaki kanser vakalarının ve ölümlerinin %2'sinden sorumludur.[13] Böbrek kanseri görülme sıklığı 1930'dan bu yana artmaya devam etmektedir. Böbrek kanseri kentsel alanlardaki popülasyonlarda kırsal alanlara göre daha sık görülür.[14]

Kaynakça

  1. ^ a b c d e "Cancer of the Kidney and Renal Pelvis - Cancer Stat Facts". SEER. 8 Kasım 2005 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 30 Mayıs 2019. 
  2. ^ a b c d e f "Renal Cell Cancer Treatment". National Cancer Institute. 2019. 22 Mayıs 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 8 Haziran 2019. 
  3. ^ a b c d e f "Transitional Cell Cancer (Kidney/Ureter) Treatment". National Cancer Institute. 2019. 15 Mayıs 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 8 Haziran 2019. 
  4. ^ a b c d e f "Wilms Tumor and Other Childhood Kidney Tumors Treatment". National Cancer Institute. 2019. 10 Haziran 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 8 Haziran 2019. 
  5. ^ Sommers, Marilyn S.; Fannin, Ehriel (2014). Diseases and Disorders: A Nursing Therapeutics Manual. F.A. Davis. s. 657. ISBN 9780803644878. 
  6. ^ "Kidney Cancer". National Cancer Institute. 2019. 8 Haziran 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 8 Haziran 2019. 
  7. ^ "[Guideline 'Renal cell carcinoma']". Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd (Felemenkçe). 152 (7): 376-80. February 2008. PMID 18380384. 
  8. ^ "Cancer today". IARC. 12 Kasım 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 30 Mayıs 2019. 
  9. ^ "Survival statistics for kidney cancer - Canadian Cancer Society". www.cancer.ca (İngilizce). 5 Kasım 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 2 Aralık 2019. 
  10. ^ "European Network of Cancer Registeries" (PDF). 29 Aralık 2020 tarihinde kaynağından (PDF) arşivlendi. 
  11. ^ Zeng, Hongmei; Chen, Wanqing; Zheng, Rongshou; Zhang, Siwei; Ji, John S; Zou, Xiaonong; Xia, Changfa; Sun, Kexin; Yang, Zhixun; Li, He; Wang (2018). "Changing cancer survival in China during 2003–15: a pooled analysis of 17 population-based cancer registries". The Lancet Global Health (İngilizce). 6 (5): e555-e567. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30127-X. PMID 29653628. 
  12. ^ Scelo, Ghislaine; Larose, Tricia L. (20 Aralık 2018). "Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Kidney Cancer". Journal of Clinical Oncology. 36 (36): 3574-3581. doi:10.1200/JCO.2018.79.1905. ISSN 0732-183X. PMC 6299342 $2. PMID 30372394. 
  13. ^ Padala, Sandeep Anand; Barsouk, Adam; Thandra, Krishna Chaitanya; Saginala, Kalyan; Mohammed, Azeem; Vakiti, Anusha; Rawla, Prashanth; Barsouk, Alexander (Haziran 2020). "Epidemiology of Renal Cell Carcinoma". World Journal of Oncology. 11 (3): 79-87. doi:10.14740/wjon1279. ISSN 1920-4531. PMC 7239575 $2. PMID 32494314. 
  14. ^ Pascual, D.; Borque, A. (4 Kasım 2008). "Epidemiology of Kidney Cancer". Advances in Urology (İngilizce). 2008: e782381. doi:10.1155/2008/782381. ISSN 1687-6369. PMC 2581742 $2. PMID 19009036. 

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