Ardipithecus

Ardipithecus
Yaşadığı dönem aralığı: 5,8-4,4 myö
Messiniyen-Piasenziyen 
Ardi lakaplı Ardipithecus ramidus örneği
Biyolojik sınıflandırma Bu sınıflandırmayı düzenle
Âlem: Hayvan
Şube: Chordata
Sınıf: Mammalia
Takım: Primates
Alt takım: Haplorhini
İnfra takım: Simiiformes
Familya: Hominidae
Alt familya: Homininae
Oymak: Hominini
Alt oymak: Australopithecina
Cins: †Ardipithecus
White vd., 1995
Türler

Ardipithecus ("Ardi maymunu"), yaklaşık 5.8 ila 4.4 milyon yıl önce Etiyopya'da (Afar bölgesi) yaşamış erken australopitesin cinsi.[1] Hominina alt oymağının en eski tartışmasız üyesi olduğu kabul edilir. Ardipitecus'un iki ayak üzerine yürüyebilen ilk homininlerden olduğu düşünülmektedir.[2] Cins, iki tür barındırır: Ardipithecus ramidus (tip tür) ve Ardipithecus kadabba.

Paleobiyoloji

Ardipithecus ramidus holotipinin (Ardi) kafatası

Ardipithecus ramidus'un ayak parmağı ve pelvis yapısı, bazı araştırmacılara göre türün dik yürüdüğünü göstermektedir.[2]

Ardipithecus'un uzunluk ölçüleri, işlevin iyi göstergeleridir, diş izotop verileri ve fosil alanındaki fauna ve flora ile birlikte, Ardipithecus'un esas olarak, yiyeceğinin büyük bir bölümünü yerde toplayan bir karasal dört ayaklı olduğunu gösterir. Ağaçsal davranışları sınırlı olurdu ve dallardan yalnızca kolların askıya alınması nadir olurdu.[3] 2013 yılında modern ve fosil diş minesindeki karbon ve oksijen kararlı izotoplar üzerine yapılan karşılaştırmalı bir çalışma, Ardipithecus'un şempanzelerin aksine hem ağaçta (ağaçlarda) hem de yerde daha açık bir habitatta beslendiğini ortaya koydu.[4]

Filogeni

Parins-Fukuchi ve meslektaşlarının 2019'daki çalışmasına göre oluşturulmuş Hominin kladogramı:[5]

Homininae
 

Goril

 
Hominini
 

Şempanze ve Bonobo

 
†Sahelanthropus
 
 

†Ardipithecus

 
†A. anamensis

†A. afarensis

 
 
 
†Paranthropus
 

†P. aethiopicus

 
 
 

†P. boisei

 
 

†P. robustus

 
 
 
 
 

†A. africanus

 
†A. garhi
 

†H. floresiensis

 
 
 

†A. sediba

 
 
 

†H. habilis

 
 

Diğer Homo türleri

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Fotoğraf galerisi

Kaynakça

  1. ^ "Ardipithecus - The discovery of Ardipithecus". Encyclopedia Britannica (İngilizce). 6 Eylül 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Nisan 2021. 
  2. ^ a b "The Earliest Hominins: Sahelanthropus, Orrorin, and Ardipithecus | Learn Science at Scitable". www.nature.com. 1 Mayıs 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 30 Nisan 2021. 
  3. ^ "Behavioral and phylogenetic implications of a narrow allometric study of Ardipithecus ramidus". HOMO (İngilizce). 62 (2): 75-108. 1 Nisan 2011. doi:10.1016/j.jchb.2011.01.003. ISSN 0018-442X. 18 Ağustos 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 18 Ağustos 2021. 
  4. ^ Nelson, Sherry V. (22 Aralık 2013). "Chimpanzee fauna isotopes provide new interpretations of fossil ape and hominin ecologies". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 280 (1773): 20132324. doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.2324. PMC 3826229 $2. PMID 24197413. 18 Ağustos 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 18 Ağustos 2021. 
  5. ^ Parins-Fukuchi, C.; Greiner, E.; MacLatchy, L. M.; Fisher, D. C. (2019). "Phylogeny, ancestors and anagenesis in the hominin fossil record" (PDF). Paleobiology. 45 (2): 378-393. doi:10.1017/pab.2019.12. 30 Nisan 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF). Erişim tarihi: 30 Nisan 2021. 

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