Şah (satranç)

Satranç taşları

Şah

Vezir

Kale

Fil

At

Piyon

Şah (♔ ♚), satranç oyunundaki en önemli taştır. Şah taşının rakip tarafından kıpırdayamayacak şekilde tehdit edilmesine şah mat denir ve oyunun sona erdiği anlamına gelir. Fakat eğer şah tehdit altında değilse, başka bir yere oynayamıyorsa ve oyuncunun oynatacak başka taşı yoksa bu duruma da Pat denir. Satranç tahtasında kendi rengi dışındaki diğer renkteki karede, yani esas kurallara göre beyaz şah e1, siyah şah e8 karesinde oyuna başlar. Şah ayrıca, bir piyonun rakibin son karesine geldiğinde terfi edemeyeceği tek taştır.

Köken bilimi

Satranç oyunu Hindistan kökenli olmasına rağmen "şah" kelimesi Farsçadan gelmektedir. Batılı dillerde "şah" için kullanılan tabir "kral"dır.

Hareketleri

Şah, bitişiğindeki 8 kareden herhangi birine sadece bir kare gidebilir. İlgili karede rakip taşlardan biri varsa bu taşı alabilir. Kendi taşlarından biri varsa ya da kare rakip taşlardan birinin tehdidi altında ise (rakip şah dahil) gidemez. Şah herhangi bir taşın üstünden atlayarak ilerleyemez. Kale ile 2-2 şeklinde kısa rok veya 3-2 şeklinde uzun rok yapabilir.

a8 __ b8 __ c8 __ d8 __ e8 kd f8 __ g8 __ h8 __
a7 __ b7 __ c7 __ d7 __ e7 __ f7 __ g7 __ h7 __
a6 __ b6 __ c6 __ d6 __ e6 __ f6 __ g6 __ h6 __
a5 __ b5 __ c5 __ d5 __ e5 __ f5 __ g5 __ h5 __
a4 __ b4 __ c4 __ d4 __ e4 __ f4 __ g4 __ h4 __
a3 __ b3 __ c3 __ d3 __ e3 __ f3 __ g3 __ h3 __
a2 __ b2 __ c2 __ d2 __ e2 __ f2 __ g2 __ h2 __
a1 __ b1 __ c1 __ d1 __ e1 kl f1 __ g1 __ h1 __
Şahların bir satranç oyunundaki başlangıç konumu
a8 b8 c8 d8 e8 f8 g8 h8
a7 b7 c7 d7 e7 f7 g7 h7
a6 b6 c6 d6 e6 f6 g6 h6
a5 b5 c5 d5 xw e5 xw f5 xw g5 h5
a4 b4 c4 d4 xw e4 kl f4 xw g4 h4
a3 b3 c3 d3 xw e3 xw f3 xw g3 h3
a2 b2 c2 d2 e2 f2 g2 h2
a1 b1 c1 d1 e1 f1 g1 h1
Şahın olası hamleleri. Şah her yöne yalnız bir kare ilerler.
a8 b8 c8 d8 e8 f8 rd g8 h8
a7 b7 c7 d7 e7 f7 g7 h7
a6 b6 c6 d6 e6 f6 g6 nl h6
a5 b5 c5 xo d5 xx e5 xx f5 g5 h5
a4 b4 c4 xx d4 kd e4 xo f4 g4 h4
a3 b3 c3 xo d3 xo e3 xo f3 g3 h3
a2 bl b2 c2 d2 e2 f2 xx g2 xw h2 xw
a1 b1 c1 d1 e1 f1 xx g1 kl h1 xw
Şah tehdit altında kalacağı karelere ilerleyemez.

Rok

Rok hareketi, şah ve kaleye özgü bir harekettir. Şah herhangi bir kaleye doğru iki kare ilerler. Kale şahın üzerinden atlatılarak şaha bitişik kareye konur. Rok yapabilmek için:

  • Şah ya da ilgili kalenin henüz hiç oynatılmamış olması gerekir.
  • Aralarında hiç taş bulunmaması gerekir.
  • Herhangi bir taşın şaha şah çekmemesi, yani şahın tehdit altında olmaması gerekir.
  • Geçiş yolunun tehlike altında olmaması gerekir.
Genelde kullanılan türde bir şah ve üç piyon

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