Multituberculata

Multituberculata
Status i världen: Fossil[1]
Stratigrafisk utbredning: mellersta jura - eocen
skalle av Ptilodus
Systematik
DomänEukaryoter
Eukaryota
RikeDjur
Animalia
StamRyggsträngsdjur
Chordata
UnderstamRyggradsdjur
Vertebrata
KlassDäggdjur
Mammalia
OrdningMultituberculata
Vetenskapligt namn
§ Multituberculata
AuktorCope, 1884
Underordningar
  • Plagiaulacida
  • Cimolodonta
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Multituberculata är en utdöd systematisk grupp av däggdjuren som antagligen hade ett liknande levnadssätt som dagens gnagare. Gruppen uppkom under mellersta jura (för cirka 165 miljoner år sedan) och hade sin blomstringstid under krita och paleocen, de fanns alltså kvar när dinosaurierna utdog. Multituberculata försvann vid slutet av eocen (för cirka 34 miljoner år sedan). Gruppen har inga närmare släktingar hos dagens däggdjur utan utgör en sidogren av evolutionslinjen.

Arterna i gruppen var alltid små. De hade vanligen en storlek mellan en mus och en råtta. De största arterna fanns i familjen Taeniolabioidea och även de var inte större än ett murmeldjur (ungefär 60 centimeter lång). Framtänderna liknade en spade i formen och hörntänder saknades.[2]

Efter uppkomsten spred sig gruppen i Laurasien (idag Eurasien och Nordamerika) men de kom aldrig till Gondwana (fynd som hittades i Sydamerika räknas idag i en självständig grupp Gondwanatheria). Under senare krita var Multituberculata den talrikaste gruppen bland alla däggdjur i Laurasien. Bland alla däggdjursfossil från denna epok är 75 % från Multituberculata.[3] Det antas att gruppen dog ut på grund av gnagarnas uppkomst som fyllde samma ekologiska nisch och som troligtvis var framgångsrikare.

Multituberculata existerade dock över 130 miljoner år, vilket är en av de längsta perioderna av alla däggdjur.[2]

Rugosodon

År 2013 hittades ett välbevarat fossil av multituberculata i Tiaojishan i Kina. Den upphittade arten fick namnet Rugosodon eurasiaticus och fossilet beräknas vara 160 miljoner år gammalt.[4][5]

Referenser

Den här artikeln är helt eller delvis baserad på material från tyskspråkiga Wikipedia, 27 december 2008.
  • Thomas S. Kemp: The Origin & Evolution of Mammals. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2005, 331 sidor, ISBN 0-19-850761-5.
  • Zofia Kielan-Jaworowska und Jørn H. Hurum: Phylogeny and Systematics of Multituberculate Mammals. I: Palaeontology, 2001, 44(3), S.389-429 (2001).

Noter

  1. ^ Multituberculata Arkiverad 17 oktober 2022 hämtat från the Wayback Machine., Fossilworks, läst 2023-08-29.
  2. ^ [a b] Prothero, Donald R. (2016). ”Multituberculates”. The Princeton Field Guide to Prehistoric Mammals. Princeton University Press. sid. 30 
  3. ^ Kemp (2005), s. 155.
  4. ^ ”Tidlig suksess for pattedyr-fetter” (på norska). Forskning.no. 17 augusti 2013. https://forskning.no/dyreverden-evolusjon-fossiler/tidlig-suksess-for-pattedyr-fetter/616290. Läst 9 september 2023. 
  5. ^ ”ScienceShot: Meet ‘Wrinkly Tooth,’ the Earliest Rodentlike Creature” (på engelska). Science. 15 augusti 2013. Arkiverad från originalet den 17 augusti 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130817025514/http://news.sciencemag.org/paleontology/2013/08/scienceshot-meet-%E2%80%98wrinkly-tooth%E2%80%99-earliest-rodentlike-creature. Läst 9 september 2023. 
Katalogdata
​​​​​ • EoL: 4471922​​​​​​​​ • Fossilworks: 39779​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​ • Plazi: 1A7187CF-FFC5-176D-FA28-FAD0E3205292​​​​​​​​​​

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