Förenade Allied Forces Headquarters (AFHQ) hade befäl över alla allierade landstyrkor på Medelhavsfronten. Högkvarteret planerade och ledde över den allierade invasionen av Sicilien och fälttåget på det italienska fastlandet tills de tyska styrkorna i Italien kapitulerade i början av maj1945.
Mellan september1943 och april1945 stupade minst 60 000 allierade och 50 000 tyska soldater i Italien.[5] De allierades totala förluster under fälttåget uppgick till cirka 320 000, medan axelmakternas (utom de som var inblandade i den slutgiltiga kapitulationen) uppgick till ca 336 650.[8]
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