Républik Irak , biasana katelah Irak (Basa Arab : العراق (pitulung ·info ) , IPA : ʕiˈrɑːq ), nyaéta hiji nagara di Wétan Tengah nu ngampar lolobananana di tungtung kulon kaler Pagunungan Zagros- , bagéan wetan Gurun Siria sarta bagéan kaler Gurun Arabia . Irak diwatesan ku Kuwait jeung Saudi Arabia di béh kidul, Jordania di kulon, Suriah di kulon kaler, Turki di béh kaler sarta Iran di wetaneunnana. Irak boga bagéan basisir nu heureut di Umm Qasr di Teluk Pérsia . Aya dua walungan nu ngalir: Tigris jeung Éfrat . Dua walungan ieu nyababkeun lemah Irak bisa dipaké tatanen, patukang tonggong jeung lanskap gurun nu nutupan lolobana wewengkon di Wétan Tengah .
Irak mangrupikeun démokrasi parleménter ngembang anu diwangun ku 18 kagubernuran (katelah muhafadhat ). Ibu kotana, Baghdad , aya di tengah-wétan. Sajarah euyeub Irak balik deui ti jaman Mesopotamia kuno. Wewengkon antara walungan Tigris jeung Éfrat dikenal salaku Bulan Sabit Subur , tempat lahirna paradaban jeung tulisan . Dina sajarahna anu panjang, Irak parantos janten puseur kakaisaran Akkadia , Assyria , Babylonia sareng Abbasiyah , sarta bagian ti kawasaan kakaisaran Akhemenia , Makedonia , Parthia , Umayyah , Sassania , Utsmaniyah sareng Britania Raya .
Since an invasion in 2003 , a multinational coalition of forces , mainly American and British, has occupied Iraq. The invasion has had wide-réaching consequences: increased civil violence , political bréakdown, the removal and execution of former présidént Saddam Hussein , and national problems in the development of political balance , economy , infrastructure, and use of the country's huge reserves of oil . According to the 2007 Failed States Index , produced by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace's Foreign Policy magazine and the Fund for Peace , Iraq has recently emerged as the world's second most unstable country,[ 1] after Sudan .[ 2]
Tempo ogé
Rujukan
Bacaan salajengna
Interview with Refugees International's Séan Garcia on the plight of hundreds of thousands of Iraqi refugees [1] Archived 2007-03-13 di Wayback Machine
Shadid, Anthony 2005. Night Draws Near . Henry Holt and Co., NY , USA . ISBN 0-8050-7602-6
Hanna Batatu, "The Old Social Classes and the Revolutionary Movements of Iraq", Princeton: Princeton University Press , 1978
Iraq was one of the major settings for the John J. Rust science fiction novel "Epsilon"
A Dweller in Mesopotamia Archived 2005-05-25 di Wayback Machine , being the adventures of an official artist in the garden of Eden, by Donald Maxwell, 1921. (a searchable facsimile at the University of Georgia Libraries; DjVu & layered PDF Archived 2005-09-06 di Wayback Machine format)
By Desert Ways to Baghdad Archived 2005-04-02 di Wayback Machine , by Louisa Jebb (Mrs. Roland Wilkins) With illustrations and a map, 1908 (1909 ed). (a searchable facsimile at the University of Georgia Libraries; DjVu & layered PDF Archived 2005-09-06 di Wayback Machine format)
Tumbu luar
Tempo ogé Irak di Wikivoyage
Pamaréntah
Sawangan'
Warta
Lianna
Kaanggotaan internasional
Artikel atawa bagian artikel ieu butuh leuwih loba réferénsi sangkan pasti. Mangga bantos ngédit artikel ieu kalawan nambihkeun réferénsi. Tag ieu dibéré dina June 2007